공공성 실현을 위한 공공데이터 서비스 방안 연구 = (A)Study on the Public Data Services for Implementation of Publicness

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대사회는 공유, 소통, 참여, 협업이 중시되면서 공공성 실현 주체로서 시민의 역할이 확대되고 있다. 그에 따라 공공부문도 폐쇄적이고 독단적인 방식에서 벗어나 참여와 협업을 확대하는 방향으로 개선해야 된다는 사회적 요구가 더욱 커지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 현대사회의 특성을 반영하여 공공성 개념을 재정립하고, 그에 맞춰 더욱 높아진 기준을 적용한 공공부문의 공공성을 확립하고자 하였다.
공공데이터 활용 정책은 공공데이터의 공유를 통해 경제적, 정치적 변화를 가져오는 것을 목표로 하는 정책으로서 공유사회의 특성이 반영되어 있다. 그러나 정책 관련 문헌연구와 정책 이용자 인터뷰를 통해 분석해 본 결과, 현재 정책과정에서 기존 성과주의, 정부주도적 성격이 강한 경제학적 관점을 고수하는 경향과 근본적인 대책 마련보다는 단기적 처방에 치중함으로 인해 정책의 효과가 떨어지는 문제점이 발견되었다. 현대사회에 적합한 공공성을 실현하기 위해서 정부는 공공데이터의 활용 기반을 갖추고, 공정한 환경을 조성하는 방향으로 공공서비스를 제공해야 한다. 그리고 정책을 둘러싼 이해관계를 조정하는 역할을 수행함으로써 정책과정에서 자발적이고 적극적인 참여와 소통이 이루어지도록 해야 한다.
본 연구에서는 이미 정책이 7년간 진척된 현 시점에서 현실적으로 적용할 수 있는 정책 개선방안으로 서비스디자인을 적용할 것을 제안하였다. 서비스디자인은 이해관계자의 참여와 다학제간 협업을 통해 서비스 질을 개선하는 방법론이다. 서비스디자인을 적용할 사항으로는 이용자들의 정책적 요구가 높고, 다학제 간 논의 및 이해관계자의 의견 수렴이 필요한 사항으로서 공공데이터 활용기반 마련, 공공데이터 유형별 활용도 개선방안, 실효성 없는 공공서비스 정비, 기업 지원방안을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the importance of sharing, communication, participation, and collaboration is emphasized in the modern society, the citizens’ role acting as a principal in realizing publicness is expanding. Thus, social demand toward public sector to move away from having a closed, dogmatic method and to improve by expanding participation and collaboration is increasing. Therefore, this study tried to redefine the concept of publicness and establish publicness of the public sector with higher standards by applying characteristics of the modern society accordingly.
Public data utilization policy, a policy aimed at bringing about economic and political change through the sharing of public data, reflects the characteristics of a shared society. However, after analyzing policy-related document research and interviews by policy users, it was found that the current policy tends to depend too much to the existing economic outlook, government-led economic viewpoint, and focus only short-term solution, decreasing its effectiveness. In order to realize the publicness suitable for the modern society, The government should be equipped with a base for utilizing public data and provide the public service while creating a fair environment. And it must also work to induce voluntary participation and active communication while processing the policy by acting as a coordinator among stakeholders of the policy.
This study propose to apply service design as a solution to improve the policy which already has been implemented for 7 years. Service design is a method of improving service quality by stakeholder engagement and interdisciplinary collaboration. The things where service design should be applied, which has high policy-level demand by users and requires discussions among multi-disciplinary issues and gathering opinions of stakeholders, are: Establishment of Public Data Utilization Base, Improvement of Utilization based on Public Data Type, Modifying Public Service that lacks Efficiency and Providing Support to Companies using Public Data.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 ··············································································1
• 제1절 연구배경 ········································································1
• 제2절 연구의 목적 ····································································3
• 제3절 연구방법 및 절차 ·····························································5
• 1. 연구방법 ·············································································5
• (1) 문헌연구 ···········································································5
• (2) 질적 연구 ··········································································5
• 2. 연구 절차 ·············································································7
• 제2장 이론적 배경 ······································································8
• 제1절 공공성 개념과 유형 ··························································8
• 1. 공공성의 기본 개념 ·······························································8
• 2. 공공성의 유형 ·····································································16
• 3. 소결: 공공성에 대한 사회학적 개념화 ····································24
• 제2절 공유사회와 서비스디자인 ·················································32
• 1. 공유사회와 공공성 ·······························································32
• 2. 서비스디자인과 공공성 ·························································37
• 3. 공공데이터 활용 정책과 공공성 ·············································42
• 제3장 정책의 현황과 주요 쟁점 ···················································47
• 제1절 국내정책 현황 ·································································47
• 1. 정책 도입배경 및 추진경과 ···················································47
• (1) 정책 도입배경 ···································································47
• (2) 정책 추진경과 ···································································48
• 2. 관련 법규 및 추진체계 ··························································51
• 3. 주요 사업 ············································································56
• 제2절 정책의 주요 쟁점 ·····························································58
• 1. 공공데이터 활용도 ·······························································58
• (1) 데이터 품질 ·······································································58
• (2) 데이터 활용 형태 및 데이터 속성의 표준화 ···························60
• (3) 공공데이터 통합 공유 플랫폼 ··············································64
• (4) 콘텐츠로서 유용성 ·····························································67
• 2. 공공데이터 제공기준 관련 법제도 ··········································71
• (1) 개인정보가 포함된 공공데이터의 취급 ·································71
• (2) 제3자 저작권이 포함된 공공데이터 ······································72
• (3) 개별법으로 인한 활용제한 ···················································73
• 3. 정책을 둘러싼 이해관계 및 시각차 ··········································74
• (1) 공공데이터에 대한 보유기관과 이용자의 시각차 ····················74
• (2) 정책성과에 대한 평가 ··························································77
• (3) 기업지원서비스의 필요성과 적절성 ·······································79
• 제4장 정책의 공공성 분석 ·····························································83
• 제1절 정책의 공공성 강화방안 ······················································83
• 1. 정책의 공공성 쟁점 ·································································83
• (1) 경제적 차원 ·········································································84
• (2) 정치적 차원 ·········································································87
• (3) 사회적 차원 ·········································································89
• 2. 공공성 강화 방안 ····································································92
• 제2절 공공데이터 서비스 방안 ······················································96
• 1. 공공데이터 서비스 전략을 마련하기 위한 제안사항 ····················98
• (1) 공공데이터 활용기반 마련을 위한 서비스디자인 ······················98
• (2) 기업 지원방안 마련을 위한 서비스디자인 ································99
• 2. 공공데이터 공유·관리 거버넌스 구축을 위한 제안사항 ···············103
• (1) 공공데이터 활용도 개선을 위한 서비스디자인 ·························103
• (2) 공공데이터 공유·관리 업무 효율화를 위한 서비스디자인 ··········105
• 제5장 결 론 ··················································································108
• 참고문헌 ······················································································111
• ABSTRACT···················································································117