Survey of Mycotoxins in Commonly Consumed Korean Grain Products Using an LC-MS/MS Multimycotoxin Method in Combination with Immunoaffinity Clean-up

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A total of 47 powder of roasted grain (sunsik) samples were collected from markets in Seoul, Korea for a survey of mycotoxin contaminants. A multitoxin immunoaffinity column was used to clean-up extracts for all mycotoxins. An LC-MS/MS method was used to perform simultaneous quantitative determination of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), deoxynivalenol, fumonisin (B1, B2), ochratoxin, zearalenone, T-2, and HT-2 in sunsik samples.
Limits of detetction (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for mycotoxins ranged 0.1-6.1 and 0.3-18.4 μg/kg, respectively.
Zearalenone was detected in all sunsik samples, deoxynivalenol was detected in 38.3% of sunsik samples, ranging from 0.63 to 29.3 μg/kg and not detected (ND)-48.3 μg/kg, respectively. The daily intake values of mycotoxins from sunsik for the p95 quartile for Korean consumers were 0.42% (DON), 0.12% (FBs), 0.42% (OTA), and 1.87% (ZEA) of TDI.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 장미란, "곡류가공품 중 제랄레논 오염도 조사" 한국식품과학회 43 (43): 224-229, 2011

2 Safety Evaluation of Certain Mycotoxins in Food, "WHO Food Additives Series 47/FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 74"

3 Ibáñez-Vea M, "Validation of a UHPLC-FLD method for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxins, OTA and ZEA in barley" 127 : 351-358, 2011

4 International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, "Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1)"

5 Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, "The report of 6th Size Korea" 2010

6 "The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (KNHANES IV-2)" Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2008

7 Schollenberger M, "Survey of Fusarium toxins in foodstuffs of plant origin marketed in Germany" 97 : 317-326, 2005

8 Lattanzio VMT, "Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, OTA and Fusarium toxins in maize by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after multitoxin immunoaffinity clean up" 21 : 3253-3261, 2007

9 European Commission, "Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006"

10 Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, "Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food"

11 Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, "Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food"

12 European Commission, "Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarim-toxins Part 2: Zearalenone (ZEA)"

13 European Commission, "Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarim Toxins. Part 1: Deoxynivalenol (DON)"

14 European Commission, "Opinion of Scientific Committee on Food on Fumonisin B1, B2 and B3"

15 Gonzalez-Osnaya L, "Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in bread and pasta commercialized in Spain" 124 : 156-161, 2011

16 Cano-Sancho G, "Occurrence of ZEA, an oestrogenic mycotoxin, in Catalonia (Spain) and exposure assessment" 50 : 835-839, 2012

17 Haifeng Z, "Natural occurrence of DON in soy sauces consumed in China" 29 : 71-75, 2013

18 Cirillo T, "Natural cooccurrence of DON and fumonisins B1 and B2 in Italian marketed foodstuffs" 20 : 566-571, 2003

19 Oueslati S, "Multi-mycotoxin determination in cereals and derived products marketed in Tunisia using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry" 50 : 2376-2381, 2012

20 European Commission, "Laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs."

21 최은정, "LC-MS/MS를 이용한 곡류가공품의 제랄레논 분석과 측정불확도 추정" 한국식품과학회 44 (44): 658-665, 2012

22 MFDS, "Korean Food Code"

23 Nielsen KN, "Fast methods for screening of trichothecenes in fungal cultures using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry" 929 : 75-87, 2001

24 Zou Z, "Development and application of a method for the analysis of two trichothecenes: DON and T-2 toxin in meat in China by HPLC-MS/MS" 90 : 613-617, 2012

25 Krska R, "Determination of the Fusarium mycotoxin beauvericin at μg/kg levels in corn by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection" 746 : 233-238, 1996

26 Grippi F, "Determination of stilbenes in Sicilian pistachio by highperformance liquid chromatographic diode array (HPLC-DAD/FLD) and evaluation of eventually mycotoxin contamination" 107 : 483-488, 2008

27 Sørensen LK, "Determination of mycotoxins in bovine milk by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry" 820 : 183-196, 2005

28 Cavaliere C, "Determination of aflatoxins in olive oil by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry" 596 : 141-148, 2007

29 Bozzo G, "Determination of OTA in eggs and target tissues of experimentally drugged hens using HPLC-FLD" 126 : 1278-1282, 2011