A Comparative Study of Community Participation Programs for Heritage Conservation in Indonesia and Korea : Case Study of Bukchon Seoul and Semarang Old Town

국문 초록 (Abstract)

공동체 참여는 정부와 이해당사자가 문화유산 보존을 위해 실현해야 하는 전략 중 하나다. 현재 인도네시아의 문화유산은 주로 정부가 관리하고 있으며, 공동체 참여는 매우 제한적이다. 이는 인도네시아의 정부가 문화유산 관리에 하향식 접근법을 취했기 때문이다. 본 연구는 세마랑 구시가에서 이행될 수 있는 적절한 공동체 참여 정책과 사업을 파악하는 것을 목표로 한다. 사마랑 구시가와 서울의 북촌 한옥마을 간 문화유산 보존사업 비교분석이 시행됐다. 이 비교분석 결과에 따라 지역 및 중앙정부 공무원과 세마랑 구시가 보존 노력에 참여하는 전문가들에게 일부 조정사항을 건의했다. 이 사업들은 a) 세마랑 구시가 사무소의 설립, b) “문화유산 건축물 리노베이션 시스템”의 출범, c) “문화유산 건축물 리노베이션”이나 “문화유산 건축물 유지보수”에 대한 정부의 문화유산 건축물 소유주 대상 기술지침 또는 SOP의 발행, d) 문화유산 건축물 소유주의 문화유산 건축물 유지보수를 위한 정부나 문화유산 전문가의 기술지원 활동 출범 등이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Community participation is one of the strategies that government and stakeholders should achieve in heritage assets conservation. Currently, the heritage assets in Indonesia are largely managed by the government, while the community involvement is very limited. This is due to the top-down approach of Indonesian government for the management of heritage assets.This study aims to identify the suitable community participation policy and program that can be implemented in Semarang Old Town. The comparative analysis of heritage conservation program between Semarang Old Town and Bukchon Hanok Village in Seoul was examined. The findings in this comparative analysis then proposed to local and central government officers, and also professionals involved in Semarang Old Town conservation efforts. The analysis showed that the implementation of Bukchon programs can be conducted in Semarang Old Town with some adjustments. Those programs are: a) the establishment of the Semarang Old Town office; b) the launch of the "Heritage Building Renovation System"; c) the issuance of Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) or technical guidelines for heritage building’s owner by the government about “Heritage Building Renovation” or “Heritage Building Maintenance”, and; d) the launch of Technical Assistance activities by government or heritage experts to assist heritage building owners in heritage building maintenance.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1. Background 1
• 1.2. Purpose of The Study 6
• 1.3. Scope and Limitations 7
• 1.4. Methodology 7
• Chapter 2. Literature Review 9
• 2.1. Importance Of Community Participation 9
• 2.2. Importance Of Heritage Conservation 10
• 2.3. Importance of Community Role In Heritage Conservation 16
• 2.4. Importance of Government Role In Community Participation Process 18
• 2.5. Importance of Non-Government Organization Role In Community Participation Process 21
• 2.6. Body of Review 22
• Chapter 3. Research Methodology 28
• 3.1. Research Method 28
• 3.2. Sample Selection 28
• 3.3. Research Process 29
• Chapter 4. Comparative Study Of Old Town Semarang and Bukchon Hanok Village 32
• 4.1. Semarang Old Town, Semarang City 32
• 4.1.1. Semarang City General Condition 32
• 4.1.2. History of Semarang Old Town 35
• 4.1.3. Legal Basis and System For Heritage Conservation 42
• 4.1.4. Stakeholders of Semarang Old Town Conservation 51
• 4.1.5. Challenge of Semarang Old Town Conservation Efforts 57
• 4.2. Bukchon Hanok Village, Seoul City 61
• 4.2.1. History Of Bukchon Project 61
• 4.2.2. Legal Basis and System Of Heritage Conservation 64
• 4.2.3. Stakeholders of Bukchon Project 69
• 4.2.4. Finance of Bukchon Project 79
• Chapter 5. Comparative Analysis 81
• 5.1. Area Characteristics Comparison 81
• 5.2. Government Organization Comparison 81
• 5.3. NGO Movement Comparison 83
• 5.4. Community Participation Comparison 85
• 5.5. Summary 87
• Chapter 6. Questionnaire Analysis 91
• 6.1. Questionnaire Design 91
• 6.2. Questionnaire Respondents and Results 95
• 6.3. Questionnaire Results Analysis 98
• 6.3.1. The Establishment of Semarang Old Town Office 98
• 6.3.2. The Launch of The “Heritage Building Renovation System” 100
• 6.3.3. The Issuance of SOP or Technical Guidelines 103
• 6.3.4. The Launch of Technical Assistance Activities 105
• 6.3.5. The Establishment of Semarang Old Town Council 107
• 6.3.6. Additional Programs 108
• 6.4. Summary of Finding 109
• 6.5. Final Proposed Programs 112
• 6.5.1. Short Term Programs 112
• 6.5.2. Medium Term Programs 113
• 6.5.3. Long Term Programs 114
• Chapter 7. Conclusion 117
• REFERENCES 120
• 초록 125
• Acknowledgement 126