북한의 피포위의식(Siege Mentality)과 역사적 단절－한국전쟁기 원산을 중심으로－ = North Korea’s Siege Mentality and Historical Discontinuity－Focusing on Wonsan during the Korean War－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the formation of North Korea’s siege mentality, focusing on the air raids and siege attacks on Wonsan during the Korean War. In particular, it addresses how North Korea’s siege mentality, which is known to have its origins in the Korean War, represents a discontinuity in the northern Korean region’s modern and contemporary history. Existing historical studies on the Korean War mainly investigate the Japanese colonial period or the post-liberation period to show its origins, and previous studies on wartime local history focus on the regional administration and identity changes brought about by the war, the post-war recovery process, and the appearance of North Korean-style urban space. Instead, this study interrogates how Wonsan’s historical role as a regional industrial and commercial hub and a geopolitical center in Northeast Asia ended during the Korean War. It further reveals how the emergence of daily lives based on air defense shelters in wartime Wonsan stood for an early form of North Korea’s siege mentality and the materialization of the defensive mentality conceived during the Pacific War. The reason why Wonsan seems to be a suitable case to discuss the historical discontinuity and the origin of a new defensive daily life lies in the thorough destruction of its urban space during the war. US air raids targeted Wonsan earlier than other regions, comprehensive sea mining closed its longstanding maritime transportation, and the siege of Wonsan, the longest naval blockade in modern history, transformed the defensive strategy into a daily routine. To use historical sociologist William Sewell’s terms, the Korean War was an ‘event’ that ended the old ‘trends’ of Wonsan’s industrialism and commercialism. It also entailed new defensive ‘routines’ that foreshadow the siege mentality that still affects North Korean life today.

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