완도해역 해수에서 분리한 장염비브리오(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)의 항균제 내성 및 병원성 유전자의 특징 = Antimicrobial-resistance Profiles and Virulence Genes of Vibrio para - haemolyticus Isolated from Seawater in the Wando Area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sixty-sevenVibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater from the Wando area, on the southern coast of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials and the presence of virulence genes. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to ampicillin and oxacil- lin, while decreasing percentages were resistant to vancomycin (64.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), amikacin (31.3%), kanamycin (22.3%), cephalothin (20.9%), erythromycin (10.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), and tetracycline (3.0%). All of the strains were susceptible to five antimicrobials: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. Fifty-nine isolates (88.1%) were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial and defined as multidrug resistant, and two strains were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibi- tory concentration (MIC) of the 67 V . parahaemolyticus isolates to ampicillin and oxacillin ranged from 512−2,048 and 64−512 µg/mL, respectively. All 67 isolates were also examined for the presence of the tdh and trh virulence genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no isolates possessed either tdh or trh . The VPA0477 (β-lactamase) gene, present in all of the tested strains, was validated as a new specific marker gene in PCR assays for the accurate detection and identification of V parahaemolyticus.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sixty-sevenVibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater from the Wando area, on the southern coast of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials and the presence of virulence genes. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to ampicillin and oxacil- lin, while decreasing percentages were resistant to vancomycin (64.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), amikacin (31.3%), kanamycin (22.3%), cephalothin (20.9%), erythromycin (10.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), and tetracycline (3.0%). All of the strains were susceptible to five antimicrobials: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. Fifty-nine isolates (88.1%) were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial and defined as multidrug resistant, and two strains were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibi- tory concentration (MIC) of the 67 V . parahaemolyticus isolates to ampicillin and oxacillin ranged from 512−2,048 and 64−512 µg/mL, respectively. All 67 isolates were also examined for the presence of the tdh and trh virulence genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no isolates possessed either tdh or trh . The VPA0477 (β-lactamase) gene, present in all of the tested strains, was validated as a new specific marker gene in PCR assays for the accurate detection and identification of V parahaemolyticus

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이근우, "해수에서 분리한 장염비브리오의 항생제 내성 및 암피실린 내성 유전자의 동정" 한국수산과학회 43 (43): 637-641, 2010

2 이남형, "장염비브리오가 보유하는 ß-lactamase (VPA0477)의 유전학적 특성" 한국수산과학회 44 (44): 597-604, 2011

3 이향, "어패류에서 분리한 장염비브리오균의 ？항균제 감수성 및 분포" 한국환경보건학회 33 (33): 16-20, 2007

4 유홍식, "어류 양식장에서 분리한 Vibrio parahaemolyticus의 Class Ⅰ Integron에 의한 Trimethoprim 내성" 한국수산과학회 43 (43): 125-130, 2010

5 오은경, "어류 양식장에서 분리한 Vibrio parahaemolyticus의 trimethoprim 내성" 한국수산과학회 41 (41): 324-329, 2008

6 류승희, "시판 어패류에서 분리한 장염 비브리오균의 항생제 감수성 특성" 한국식품과학회 42 (42): 508-513, 2010

7 손광태, "남해안 어류양식장에서 분리된 Vibrio parahaemolyticus와 Vibrio alginolyticus의 항균제 감수성" 한국수산과학회 38 (38): 365-371, 2005

8 손진창, "경북 동해안 환경에서 분리된 V. parahaemolyticus 및 V. vulnificus의 생태학적 및 항생제 감수성 특성" 한국환경보건학회 29 (29): 94-102, 2003

9 한아름, "경기인천 연안에서 분리된 장염비브리오균의 항생제 내성 및 플라스미드 보유 현황" 한국미생물학회 48 (48): 22-28, 2012

10 Rowe-Magnus DA, "The role of integrons in antibiotic resistance gene capture" 292 : 115-125, 2002

11 Honda T, "The pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the role of the thermostable direct haemolysin and related haemolysins" 4 : 106-113, 1993

12 Sakazaki R, "Studies on the enteropathogenic, facultatively halophilic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 3. Enteropathogenicity" 21 : 325-331, 1968

13 "Statistics Korea"

14 Deepanjali A, "Seasonal variation in abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in oysters along the southwest coast of India" 71 : 3575-3580, 2005

15 No AR, "Rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by PCR targeted to the histone-like nucleoid structure (H-NS) gene and its genetic characterization" 53 : 127-133, 2011

16 Lee CY, "Purification and characterization of a putative virulence factor, serine protease, from Vibrio parahaemolyticus" 19 : 31-37, 2002

17 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), "Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twelfth informational supplement M100- S12" Wayne 19087-19098, 2002

18 National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service(NVRQS), "Monitoring of microbial resistance on the food animals and meats" National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service 1-92, 2009

19 Shirai H, "Molecular epidemiological evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis" 58 : 3568-3573, 1990

20 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), "Korea food code"

21 Kodama T, "Identification of two translocon proteins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III secretion system 2" 76 : 4282-4289, 2008

22 Kim YB, "Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains at the species level by PCR targeted to the toxR gene" 37 : 1173-1177, 1999

23 Kodama T, "Identification and characterization of VopT, a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase effector protein secreted via the Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III secretion system 2" 9 : 2598-2609, 2007

24 Gutierrez West CK, "High frequency of virulence factor genes tdh, trh, and tlh in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from a pristine estuary" 79 : 2247-2252, 2013

25 Makino K, "Genome sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a pathogenic mechanism distinct from that of V. cholerae" 361 : 743-749, 2003

26 Ellingsen AB, "Genetic characterization of trh positive Vibrio spp. isolated from Norway" 3 : 1-10, 2013

27 Park KS, "Functional characterization of two type III secretion systems of Vibrio parahaemolyticus" 72 : 6659-6665, 2004

28 Ferrini AM, "Evaluation of antibacterial resistance in Vibrio strains isolated from imported seafood and Italian aquaculture settings" 1 : 164-170, 2008

29 Kuhl SA, "Chromosomal map location of the methicillin resistance determinant in Staphylococcus aureus" 135 : 460-465, 1978

30 Tanil GB, "Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from coastal seawater in peninsular Malaysia" 36 : 940-945, 2005

31 이한웅, "Characteristics of ampicillin- resistant Vibrio spp. isolated from a west coastal area of Korea peninsula" 한국수산과학회 42 (42): 20-25, 2009

32 Jones JL, "Biochemical, serological, and virulence characterization of clinical and oyster Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates" 50 : 2343-2352, 2012

33 Acar JF, "Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine" Williams & Wilkins 17-52, 1991

34 Kaneko T, "Adsorption of Vibrio parahaemolyticus onto chitin and copepods" 29 : 269-274, 1975