한국고대청동시저연구(韓國古代靑銅匙箸硏究) -고려시대(高麗時代)- = The study on Korean ancient bronze spoons and chopsticks -Goryeo Dynasty period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea we keep up the tradition of using spoon and chopsticks at the same time on the table. Looking at the lately studied results, Goryeo(高麗) period`s tombs with spoons and chopsticks were distributed all around the country. The result that the investigate dividing into district shows that Goryeo period`s spoons were buried in tombs from the end of 11th century and maintained to the early part of Joseon(朝鮮) period. The spoons can be divided by some distinguishing features of a handle and head. Head has two kinds like an oval style and a willow`s leaf style. The handle can be divided a swallow-tailed style, a diamond shaped style, a lotus bud style and heart shaped things attached style. Those spoons were using at the same period without distinctive time division, the set of spoon and chopsticks as a grave goods were comparatively rich. Compared to the ratio of width and length of spoon, the spoon of early stage of Goryeo is 0.5:1 and the late stage is 0.3:1 which means that spoons are getting thinner and longer. On the other hand, the reason that spoons were buried in Goryeo period`s tombs, through the end of 11th century to the 12th century, were the change of funeral service being influenced by interchange with a northern country like Liao(遼)·Jin(金)·Yuan(元) Dynasty. The customs of burying spoons were expended all the country. It reflected that people`s menu was changed from living on vegetables to eating some meats. Especially when Yuan Dynasty ruled Goryeo, Goryeo people took more meats. So the Goryeo people` preference of same shapes of Liao·Jin·Yuan Dynasty`s bronze spoons was increased. Amount of Chopsticks excavated in Goryeo period were fewer than spoons, because eating and drinking culture showed that chopsticks were less used than spoons. Although the study of spoons and chopsticks is very important archeological materials to reveal the identity of korean table setting, we have to reconsider that any studies about only spoons were not performed and not assigned as a cultural properties up to now.