木畵紫檀碁局 제작국 논의를 통해 본 8세기 新羅․日本의 교섭 양상 = Patterns of Negotiating between Silla and Japan in the 8th Century in the Discussion on the Origin of the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry

국문 초록 (Abstract)

전하는 자료가 부족한 고대사 연구 환경에서 내력이 기재되어 있고 원형을 유지한 채로 현전하는 木畵紫檀碁局은 고대 동아시아의 문화․기술 교류를 분석하는 데에 있어 중요한 유물임이 분명하다. 한국학계에서는 <國家珍宝帳> 기록에 근거하여 의자왕이 일본의 内大臣이었던 中臣鎌足에게 선물로 보냈다는 내력이 기재된 赤漆欟木厨子 안에 수납된 銀平脫合子와 木畵紫檀碁局의 관련성을 주목하였고, 이를 통해 이 木畵紫檀碁局은 백제에서 제작한 것으로 파악하고 있다. 그러나 <國家珍宝帳>의 기록에는 의문이 존재한다. <國家珍宝帳>에서 의자왕이 보냈다는 赤漆欟木厨子와 木畵紫檀碁局은 악기류를 사이에 두고 떨어져서 기재되어 있다. 또한 동번품이라 여겨지는 銀平脫合子와 수납된 바둑돌은 木畵紫檀碁局과 형식이 맞지 않는다.
이렇듯 木畵紫檀碁局 백제 제작설의 의문점이 남아있는 상황에서, 최근 일본 학계의 추가적인 연구조사로 木畵紫檀碁局의 재질과 구조가 상세히 분석되었다. 이를 통하여 木畵紫檀碁局에 대한 기존 학설을 재검토할 필요성이 제기되었다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 木畵紫檀碁局의 재질과 문양, 그리고 <國家珍宝帳> 기록에 대한 분석을 통해 木畵紫檀碁局 백제 제작설을 재검토한 것이다. 나아가 8세기 신라 유물과의 비교․분석을 실마리 삼아 木畵紫檀碁局 제작 시기와 그 제작지에 대해 8세기 신라였을 가능성을 제시하였다. 또한 당시 新羅․日本의 교섭 양상을 통해 木畵紫檀碁局이 단순한 바둑판 아닌 일본의 바둑 문화 발전을 위한 도구로서 활용되었을 가능성을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry is a rare ancient artifact that has been preserved in its original form with a clearly documented provenance. It serves as a valuable source for understanding cultural and technological exchanges in ancient East Asia. As a result, it has sparked active academic debate in both Korean and Japanese scholarly communities.
Korean scholars have focused on the association between the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry and the List of Rare Treasures of the State (<國家珍宝帳>), which records that King Uija of Baekje presented a red-lacquered keyaki cabinet (赤漆欟木厨子) containing silver-lined boxes (銀平脫合子) and Go stones as a gift to Nakatomi no Kamatari (中臣鎌足), who served as the Naidaijin (内大臣) of Japan. Based on this account, the prevailing view in Korean academia has been that the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry was produced in Baekje.
However, certain ambiguities within the List of Rare Treasures of the State raise doubts about this claim. In the records, the red-lacquered keyaki cabinet gifted by King Uija and the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry are listed separately, with a category of musical instruments appearing between them. Additionally, the silver-lined boxes, believed to have been housed within the red-lacquered keyaki cabinet, and the accompanying Go stones do not match the structural characteristics of the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry. According to the records, the four silver-lined boxes contained a total of 600 Go stones, which were categorized into four distinct colors. However, the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry follows a 19-line, 17-intersection format, meaning that if a single pair of silver-lined boxes (300 stones in total) were used for a game, an insufficient number of stones would be available for play.
Amid these lingering uncertainties surrounding the theory of Baekje-origin production, recent research in Japanese academia has provided a more detailed analysis of the material composition and structural characteristics of the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry. These findings necessitate a reassessment of the conventional theories regarding the artifact's origins.
Building upon this issue, the present study critically reexamines the hypothesis of Baekje production by analyzing the materials, decorative patterns, and historical records related to the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry as documented in the List of Rare Treasures of the State. Furthermore, through a comparative analysis with 8th-century Silla artifacts, this study proposes the possibility that the board was produced in 8th-century Silla rather than in Baekje. This interpretation suggests that the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry may hold deeper cultural significance beyond its function as a mere leisure item or diplomatic gift.
Notably, the artifact may have been an instrument that the Japanese imperial household purchased from Silla to promote the advancement of Go culture in Japan. This supports the notion that the Go Game Board of Shitan with Marquetry serves as a tangible indicator of Silla's―and more broadly, the Korean Peninsula's―influence on the development of Japanese Go culture.