백제 금관의 유형 추론과 관모장식

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The results of inference of styles from Baekjae’s official hat made of silk and gilt bronze and uniqueness of decoration of the official hats are summarized as follows. Baekjae’s crowns were made of black silk and had decorative structure and style with golden flowers on them. For example, golden flowers were decorated on a pair of golden crowns excavated from the graves King and Queen Muryeong.
At the time of the excavation, decorations of the official hats were almost piled up around the position of head. From the fact that two decorations which were stuck on a hat, they have different height and width and the parts of lean-to decoration were piled up in the opposite direction. Through these facts, we are able to notice that decorations of the official hats were stuck on the front and the back of the hats.
It is assumed that the King of Baekjae wore official hats whose black crowns was surrounded with gold rim embroidered with glass jade, big size of golden decoration were located on the back and smaller sizes for golden decorations were located on the front.
The example of Baekjae’s gilt bronze official hats is an unearthed article from the ninth grave in Sinchon-li, Bannam-myeon, Naju-gun, Jeonlanam-do. This one is composed of gilt bronze Jeolpung and three standing decorationswith lean-to decoration on circumference of rim on the exterior parts of the hats. Circumferences of rim and gilt bronze official hats with standing decorations were excavated from Ibjum-li, Iksan-gun, and they were based on different styles of Jeolpung.
Looking into the unearthed articles, golden crowns made of gold appeared in the period of the King Sosulim ?around at the end of the fourth century- in Goguryeo. Moreover, it seems that gilt bronze crown whose whole hat was made of gilt bronze appeared at the same time. From the period of King Genchogo, Baekjae defeated Goguryeo, commanded the southern coast conquering Gaya which was located on southern parts and exercised its influence over Japan and China. Besides, King Genchogo made Doctor Gohyeng editSeogi(History) to establish the royal family’s authority and intensify its orthodoxy and sanctity. Therefore, it is not likely that Baekjae, which was at its peak of national power in those times, made golden crown and gilt bronze crown around the fifth century later than Goguryeo.
Having Jeolpung as the important structure in official hats, both of the gilt bronze crowns with and without standing decorations were originated from the topknot of the Korean race’s hairstyle. There is a close relation between the style of official hats and the style of hair, Jeolpung and make hairstyle graceful by covering the topknot. This style was not used in Chinaand the Northern area.
King Muryeong’s hair-ornaments were excavated from the grave of Baekjae’s King Muryeong near king’s head and ornamental hairpins were unearthed from the grave in Hamyang-li, Gyuam-myeon, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. Considering Jeolpung style, it is seemed that all these things were used to insert in hair to hold the whole hair upward. In Goguryeo, Baekjae and Silla, holding one’s hair upward is not only for men but also for women. Therefore, the excavation of Jeolpung in women’s grave is natural.
From this fact, it is assumed that styles of golden crown used in Baekjae were not established by the influence of foreign cultures but there were some symbolization matching to the new dynasty with the change of Byeon and Jeolpung which were widely used by the ancient Korean race. Moreover, we can get the Korean race’s unique original form that had been usedsince early Gojoseon, lean-to decoration of the leaf shape and the style of the bent shape of jade and the trunk of the tree are the unique characteristics in aesthetic sense of Korean race.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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