Long-range atmospheric transport of PM2.5 and its components in Ulsan, South Korea : chemical characterization, source identification, and nontarget screening

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction 1
• 1.1 Long-range atmospheric transport 1
• 1.2 Organic marker 4
• 1.3 Objectives of this study 6
• 1.4 Reference 7
• Ⅱ. Chapter 1: Long-term trends and contributions of long-range atmospheric transport to PM2.5 in South Korea 10
• 2.1 Materials and methods 10
• 2.1.1 Ulsan City 10
• 2.1.2 Measurement data of semi-continuous analysis system 11
• 2.1.3 Source identification 12
• 2.2 Results and discussion 16
• 2.2.1 Long-trem trends of PM2.5 and chemical composition 16
• 2.2.2 Source identifcaiton 19
• 2.2.3 Contribution of long-range transport 25
• 2.3 Conclusion in chpater 1 27
• 2.4 Reference 28
• Ⅲ. Chapter 2: Contribution of LRAT to PM2.5 using receptor model and organic marker 31
• 3.1 Materials and methods 31
• 3.1.1 Organic speceis 31
• 3.1.2 Sampling site and instrumental analysis 32
• 3.1.3 Positive receptor model 34
• 3.2 Results and discussion 35
• 3.2.1 Level of organic species. 35
• 3.2.2 Source apportionment of PM2.5 38
• 3.3 Conclusion in chpater 2 41
• 3.4 Reference 42
• Ⅳ. Chapter 3: Seasonal variation and source identification of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides 44
• 4.1 Materials and methods 44
• 4.1.1 Organochlorine pesticides 44
• 4.1.2 Sampling site and instrumental analysis 45
• 4.1.3 Source identification 47
• 4.2 Results and discussion 50
• 4.2.1 Levels of atmoshperic OCPs 50
• 4.2.2 Seasonal variations 55
• 4.2.3 Source identification 62
• 4.2.4 Influence of LRAT and local emissions 70
• 4.2.5 Local emission sources 74
• 4.3 Conclusion in chpater 3 77
• 4.4 Reference 78
• Ⅴ. Chapter 4: Characterization of high PM concentration periods using non-targeted analysis 85
• 5.1 Materials and methods 85
• 5.1.1 Non-targeted anaylsis 85
• 5.1.2 Experimental procedure 85
• 5.1.3 Data processing 86
• 5.2 Results and discussion 88
• 5.2.1 Non-targeted analysis results 88
• 5.2.2 Qualifed and tentatively identified compounds 91
• 5.3 Conclusion in chpater 4 94
• 5.4 Reference 95
• Ⅵ. Final conclusion 97
• Ⅶ. Acknowledgement 99