독일어 지각동사 보문의 수동화 불가능성에 대한 이론적 고찰 = The Ungrammaticalness of the Passivization from the complement of Perceptive Verbs

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The perceptive verbs sehen, ho¨ren, fu¨hlen etc. in German assign an accusative case to their respective complements which function as the subject of an infinitive construction. Thus we can expect a passivization from the nominative-accusative structures such as Hans sieht Maria kommen or Der Mann ho¨rt das Ma¨dchen singen. By applying passivization rules, however, we derive only the ungrammatical sentences, *Maria wird kommen gesehen and *Das Ma¨dchen wird von dem Mann singen geho¨rt. It is shown in this paper by various syntactic and semantic tests that the complements of the perceptive verbs in German sometimes undergo the scrambling operation. Therefore they behave like a complex predicate of model- and main verb. On the other hand they show a complete sentence meaning, i.e. proposition which is similar with that of the infinitive construction as a complement of control verbs. I try to explain the ungrammaticalness of the passivization from the complement of perceptive verbs on the basis of the recent research of the 'small clause' of the Generative Transformational Grammar. At the same time I argue that the problem of the ungrammaticalness of passivization from the small clause cannot be explained syntactically by the methods of transformational grammarians, because it depends on the complicate meaning relations between the constituents of the small clause and the constituents of the main clause of the sentence. For the solution I suggest some thematic structures based on the Lexical Functional Grammar which enable to represent a correct semantic structure, and it explains also why it is impossible to derive a passive sentence from the complement of perceptive verbs.