(The) law in war : a concise overview

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Foreword = xi
• List of abbreviations = xiii
• Introduction = 1
• 1 International humanitarian law application = 4
• 1 Introduction = 4
• 2 Origins of the conflict classification paradigm = 4
• 2.1 The triggers - Common Articles 2 and 3 = 5
• 2.2 The existence of an armed conflict = 7
• 2.3 The nature of the armed conflict = 11
• 3 The impact of the 1977 Additional Protocols = 13
• 4 A few wrinkles = 15
• 4.1 External intervention in an internal armed conflict = 15
• 4.2 Straddling the armed conflict threshold = 16
• 4.3 Transnational armed conflicts? = 17
• 4.4 The intersection of international humanitarian law and international human rights law = 18
• 5 Conclusion = 20
• 2 Non-international armed conflict = 26
• 1 Introduction = 26
• 2 The non-State actor threat = 28
• 2.1 Internal conflict = 28
• 2.2 Transnational threats = 29
• 2.3 Crime and non-State actor conflict = 30
• 3 The legal framework = 32
• 3.1 Treaty law = 32
• 3.2 Customary and soft law = 34
• 3.3 The role of human rights law = 35
• 4 Classifying conflict with non-State actors = 36
• 4.1 Non-State actors and international armed conflict = 37
• 4.2 Non-State actors and non-international armed conflict = 39
• 4.3 The non-international armed conflict threshold = 41
• 4.4 Non-State actors, self-defense and armed conflict = 44
• 5 Conclusion = 45
• 3 The status of individuals in armed conflict = 52
• 1 Introduction = 52
• 2 International armed conflict = 53
• 2.1 Regulating combatant status = 53
• 2.1.1 Early codification = 53
• 2.1.2 In the aftermath of World War Ⅱ = 56
• 2.1.3 Additional Protocol Ⅰ = 59
• 2.2 Unlawful or unprivileged belligerents = 62
• 2.3 Civilians = 64
• 3 Non-international armed conflict = 66
• 4 Miscellaneous categories = 68
• 4.1 Child soldiers = 69
• 4.2 Mercenaries = 69
• 4.3 Journalists = 70
• 5 Conclusion = 71
• 4 Dealing with civilians, wounded, and sick = 77
• 1 Introduction = 77
• 2 Protecting civilians = 78
• 2.1 Who is a civilian? = 79
• 2.2 Protection from the effects of attack = 79
• 2.3 Protecting civilians from maltreatment : the humane treatment obligation = 79
• 2.4 Building on humane treatment : the spectrum of civilian protection = 80
• 2.4.1 Civilian protection in non-international armed conflicts = 80
• 2.4.2 Civilian protection in international armed conflicts = 82
• 3 Protecting civilian property = 87
• 4 Protecting the wounded and sick = 88
• 4.1 Protecting the wounded and sick in international armed conflicts = 89
• 4.1.1 Handling the wounded and sick = 91
• 4.1.2 Casualties = 92
• 4.1.3 The distinctive emblem : the symbol of special protection = 93
• 4.1.4 Personnel aiding the wounded and sick = 95
• 4.1.5 Medical units, establishments, and transportation = 97
• 4.1.6 Facilities and vehicles = 97
• 4.1.7 Medical aircraft = 99
• 4.2 Protecting the wounded and sick in non-international armed conflicts = 102
• 5 Conclusion = 103
• 5 Prisoners of war and other detainees = 113
• 1 Introduction = 113
• 2 Prisoners of war = 114
• 2.1 And who decides? = 119
• 2.2 Retained persons = 120
• 2.3 Civilians = 120
• 2.4 Unprivileged belligerents = 121
• 3 Detainee treatment = 122
• 3.1 Location and duration of detention = 122
• 3.2 Criminal liability = 123
• 3.3 Fundamental protections = 125
• 3.4 Protections related to escape = 128
• 3.5 Oversight and the protecting power = 129
• 4 Detention in non-international armed conflicts = 130
• 4.1 The need and authority to detain = 130
• 4.2 Sources of authority = 131
• 4.3 Customary incident of any armed conflict? = 133
• 4.4 Non-international armed conflict detention and humanitarian protection = 136
• 4.5 Detention review process = 136
• 4.6 Detainee treatment = 137
• 5 Conclusion = 137
• 6 Targeting = 142
• 1 Introduction = 142
• 2 The law of targeting = 143
• 3 Targeting persons = 145
• 4 Targeting objects = 147
• 4.1 Military objects = 147
• 4.2 Military action and war sustaining = 149
• 4.3 Military advantage = 150
• 4.4 Targeting precautions = 151
• 4.4.1 General = 151
• 4.4.2 Excessive collateral casualties and damage = 152
• 5 Miscellaneous issues = 155
• 5.1 Drones = 155
• 5.2 Rules of engagement = 155
• 5.3 Investigations = 156
• 6 Conclusion = 156
• 7 Weapons, means, and methods = 162
• 1 Introduction = 162
• 2 Weapons and the law = 162
• 3 The employment of weapons = 164
• 3.1 General = 164
• 3.2 Superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering = 165
• 3.3 Indiscriminate weapons = 167
• 3.4 Environmental protection = 168
• 3.5 Weapons reviews = 170
• 4 Specific weapons = 171
• 4.1 Expanding bullets = 171
• 4.2 Mines, booby-traps, and improvised explosive devices = 172
• 4.2.1 Anti-personnel mines = 172
• 4.2.2 Booby-traps = 174
• 4.2.3 Improvised explosive devices = 174
• 4.3 Cluster munitions = 175
• 4.4 Poison, chemical, bacteriological, and nuclear weapons = 176
• 4.4.1 Poison weapons = 176
• 4.4.2 Chemical weapons = 176
• 4.4.3 Bacteriological and biological weapons = 177
• 4.4.4 Nuclear weapons = 177
• 4.5 Cyber weapons = 178
• 4.6 Autonomous weapons = 179
• 4.7 Nanotechnology = 180
• 5 Tactics = 180
• 5.1 Treachery = 181
• 5.2 Capture rather than kill = 183
• 6 Conclusion = 184
• 8 Neutrality and naval warfare = 193
• 1 Introduction = 193
• 2 An introduction to the sources of law applicable during naval warfare = 194
• 3 The law of the sea : classification of and conduct within the world's waters = 195
• 3.1 Status of vessels and aircraft under international law = 196
• 4 The law of neutrality = 198
• 4.1 An introduction to neutrality = 198
• 4.2 The rights and obligations of neutral States = 199
• 4.3 The rights and obligations of belligerent States regarding interaction with neutral States = 200
• 4.4 Special rules related to neutral shipping = 201
• 5 Applicability of international humanitarian law during naval warfare = 203
• 6 Naval warfare : special tactics = 204
• 6.1 Blockade = 204
• 6.2 Naval exclusion zones = 206
• 6.3 Submarine warfare = 206
• 6.4 Sea mines = 207
• 7 Protecting the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked during naval warfare = 208
• 8 Conclusion = 210
• 9 Air and missile warfare = 216
• 1 Introduction = 216
• 2 Theory, doctrine, and the use of airpower = 217
• 3 Airpower : a unique challenge = 219
• 4 Aerial warfare = 221
• 4.1 Status of aircraft and aircrew = 221
• 4.1.1 Military aircraft and aircrew = 221
• 4.1.2 Civilian aircraft and aircrew = 222
• 4.1.3 Protected status = 223
• 4.2 Conduct of operations = 224
• 4.3 No-fly zones and aerial blockades = 225
• 4.3.1 No-fly zones = 225
• 4.3.2 Aerial blockades = 226
• 5 Missile warfare = 226
• 6 Conclusion = 227
• 10 Command responsibility = 233
• 1 Introduction = 233
• 2 A settled principle = 234
• 3 Conditions for establishing command responsibility = 236
• 3.1 Superior-subordinate relationship = 236
• 3.2 The knowledge requirement = 238
• 3.3 To prevent and to punish = 240
• 4 Manifestly illegal orders and superior orders = 241
• 4.1 What is manifestly illegal? = 242
• 4.2 The defense of superior orders = 244
• 5 Conclusion = 244
• 11 International justice and compliance = 251
• 1 Introduction = 251
• 2 International criminal tribunals = 252
• 3 Hybrid courts = 255
• 3.1 The Special Court for Sierra Leone = 256
• 3.2 The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia = 258
• 4 The permanent international criminal court = 258
• 4.1 Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court = 258
• 4.2 A gravity threshold = 260
• 4.3 A court of last resort = 262
• 5 Alternative compliance mechanisms = 263
• 5.1 A compliance gap = 263
• 5.2 A new compliance mechanism? = 264
• 6 Conclusion = 265
• 12 War crimes and accountability = 272
• 1 Introduction = 272
• 2 What is a war crime? = 273
• 3 The grave breaches regime under international law = 276
• 4 The trigger for war crimes accountability = 278
• 4.1 The existence of an armed conflict = 278
• 4.2 What constitutes a nexus? = 280
• 5 Who can be held responsible? = 282
• 6 Amnesties = 284
• 7 Conclusion = 286
• Appendix : Article 8 of the Rome Statute = 291
• Index = 295