현대중국어 ‘V开’의 의미적 상호관계 분석 = An Analysis of Semantic Relationships in Modern Chinese ‘V-Kai’

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本文讨论动词“开”的意义类型, 将其区分为结果、位置移动和开始意义, 并探讨了它们之间的相互关系。大多数方向性动词都发展成位置移动、结果和状态意义, 而方向性动词“开”则依次发展为结果、位置移动和开始意义, 主要是因为动词“开”的基础形式在方向性范畴中的产生率明显较低。
在“V开”的语义网络中, “打开”扩展为结果性状态, “开放”意味着“分离、展开、容纳以及“启发·清晰”的意义, 成为位置移动和开始意义扩展的基础 “V开”的位置移动和开始意义通过隐喻性扩展相互连接。“V开”的位置移动分为行为主体或对象的移动和扩散两种情况, 这两种意义都可以概念化为容器中的内容物泄漏并向力的方向移动的情况。当“V开”表示行为主体或对象的移动时, 它用于行动者或自然力等引发的力使行为主体或对象远离原来位置的情况。另一方面, “V开”的“扩散”意义除了四周位置移动外, 还用于表示思想、信息等从一个地方向另一个地方广泛传播的情况。“V开”的“开始”意义可以区分为动作的开始和状态的开始, 强调了从容器中流出的内容物开始移动的时刻。“V开”的“开始”意义与位置移动意义相互关联, 因为这两个意义都具有持续性的特征。总之, 序论中提出的两个问题提出了“V开”的意义连接网, 以此为基础, 通过观察多种之间的内在关系来查明, 通过这样的讨论可以确认“V开”的意义相互关系。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The paper discusses the semantic types of the verb ‘开’(Kāi) in modern Chinese, classifying them into result, locational movement, and initiation meanings, and explores their interrelations. While most directional verbs evolve from locational movement, result, and state meanings, the directional verb “开” progresses in the order of result, locational movement, and initiation, primarily due to the low productivity of the verb’s base form in the directional category.
In the semantic network of ‘V开’ (verbs with ‘开’), ‘打开’ (dǎkāi) expands into the result meaning of ‘openness’ encompassing the meanings of separation, unfolding, acceptance, as well as enlightenment and clarity, serving as a foundation for extension into locational movement and initiation meanings. The locational movement and initiation meanings of ‘V开’ are interconnected through metaphorical extensions. The locational movement of ‘V开’ is distinguished between the movement of agents or objects and diffusion, both conceptualized as situations where contents leak out of a container and move in the direction of force. When ‘V开’ signifies movement of agents or objects, it is used in situations where the agent or object moves away from its original position due to force exerted by the actor or natural forces. On the other hand, the diffuse meaning of ‘V开’ is used in situations where ideas, information, etc. spread widely from one place to another spatially in addition to four-way diffusion.
The initiation meaning of ‘V开’ is distinguished between the initiation of action and the initiation of a state, emphasizing the point at which the content emerging from the container begins to move. The verbs associated with the ‘initiation’ meaning of ‘V开’ are related to body parts, with the body parts corresponding to containers. In conclusion, the two problems presented in the introduction were identified by presenting the semantic network of ‘V开’ and examining the internal relationship between various people based on this, and through this discussion, the semantic interrelationship of ‘V开’ can be confirmed.