신적 본질로서의 사랑 : 판넨베르크 신학을 중심으로 = Love as a Divine Essence : Centered on Pannenberg’s Theology

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 신적 본질로서의 사랑을 판넨베르크 신학을 중심으로 연구한 논문이다. 이 연구의 목적은 사랑이 신적 본질로서 가장 확실한 성서적 정당성과 이성적 타당성을 지님을 논증하고, 신적 사랑의 다차원적인 의미와 관련 쟁점들을 파악함으로써, 산재한 신학적 논의들의 일치된 방향을 제시하기 위한 것이다.
이를 위해 본 논문은 다음의 여섯 가지를 주목한다. 첫째로 신적 본질의 신학적 위치와 개념의 변천사를 추적하여 신적 본질의 통일성의 기능과 세 위격과의 관계를 이해하고자 한다. 둘째로 신적 본질을 인격성 여부에 따라 세 모델로 분류하는 시도를 할 것이다. 셋째로 신적 본질의 내용을 탐구하는 방식에 있어서 철학적, 이성적이면서도 계시적, 성서적인 양방향적 접근방식으로 통전적 이해를 추구할 것이다. 넷째로 신적 본질로서의 사랑의 의미를 다차원적으로 체계화하여 신적 사랑의 풍요로운 의미를 발견하고자 한다. 다차원적이라 함은 계시적-성서적 차원의 신적 삶의 계시로서의 사랑, 철학적-논리적 차원의 참된 무한으로서의 사랑, 심리적-영성적 차원의 인격의 신비로서의 사랑, 역사적-현상적 차원의 생명의 영으로서의 사랑, 통일적-체계적 차원의 신적 통일성으로서의 사랑을 의미한다. 다섯째로 사랑을 신적 본질로 규정할 때 생기는 세 가지 문제를 포착하여 비판적 대화를 시도할 것이다. 세 가지 쟁점은 사랑의 언어적 한계 문제, 신적 본질의 인격성 여부 문제, 사랑과 자유의 긴장 문제가 될 것이다. 여섯째로 사랑을 신적 본질로 규정하는 한 신학은 철저히 사랑의 신학으로 규정되어야 마땅함을 주장할 것이다.
그리고 이상의 연구를 토대로 목회 실천적 기여와 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 덧붙이고자 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper investigates the love as a divine essence with a focus on Pannenberg’s theology. The purpose of this study is to argue that love possesses the most definite biblical justification and rational validity as a divine essence. It aims to understand the multidimensional meanings of divine love and related issues, thereby presenting a cohesive direction for disparate theological discussions.
To achieve this, the paper focuses on the following six aspects. Firstly, the paper seeks to trace the theological positioning and evolution of the divine essence, aiming to understand the unity function of the divine essence and its relationship with the Trinity. Secondly, an attempt will be made to classify the divine essence into three models based on its personhood. Thirdly, the paper aims to pursue a comprehensive understanding through a philosophical, theological and revelational, scriptural bidirectional approach in exploring the content of the divine essence. Fourthly, the paper aims to systematize the meaning of love as the divine essence in a multidimensional manner, seeking to discover the rich significance of divine love. The multidimensional aspect involves the revelational, scriptural dimension of love as the revelation of divine life, the philosophical, logical dimension of love as true infinity, the historical, phenomenological dimension of love as the spirit of life, the psychological, spiritual dimension of love as the mystery of personality, and the unifying, systematic dimension of love as divine unity. Fifthly, the paper will attempt a critical dialogue by identifying three issues arising when defining love as the divine essence. These three points of contention include the problem of linguistic limitations in expressing love, the question of personhood in the divine essence, and the tension between love and freedom. Sixthly, the paper will argue that a theology defining love as the divine essence should be thoroughly characterized as a theology of love.
Furthermore, based on the above research, the paper intends to add practical insights for pastoral applicationl and suggestions for further research.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록 ·································································································· ⅲ
• Ⅰ. 서론 ···································································································· 1
• A. 문제 제기 및 연구 목적 ········································································ 1
• B. 선행 연구와 주목할 점 ········································································· 4
• C. 연구 범위와 방법 ··············································································· 13
• Ⅱ. 신적 본질과 위격들의 관계 ·································································· 15
• A. 라너와 바르트의 견해에 대한 몰트만의 비판 ········································· 15
• B. 신적 구성과 삶의 관계에서의 통일성과 복수성 문제 ······························· 18
• C. 몰트만에 대한 판넨베르크의 비판의 의의와 한계 ··································· 21
• Ⅲ. 신적 본질의 이해의 역사 ····································································· 25
• A. 니케아 이전의 신적 본질 이해 ····························································· 25
• B. 니케아 이후의 신적 본질 이해 ····························································· 29
• C. 콘스탄티노플의 신적 본질 이해 ··························································· 32
• D. 콘스탄티노플 이후의 신적 본질 이해 ···················································· 35
• Ⅳ. 신적 본질의 세 유형· ·········································································· 39
• A. 신적 본질로서의 실체 모델 ································································· 41
• B. 신적 본질로서의 주체 모델 ································································· 49
• C. 신적 본질로서의 신비 모델 ································································· 56
• Ⅴ. 신적 본질로서의 사랑 ·········································································· 67
• A. 신적 본질로서의 사랑 모델 ································································· 67
• B. 성서적-계시적 근거에 기초한 역사적 정당성 ········································· 86
• C. 철학적-논리적 근거에 기초한 이성적 타당성 ········································· 96
• Ⅵ. 신적 본질로서의 사랑의 의미 ····························································· 109
• A. 신적 삶의 계시로서의 사랑· ······························································· 109
• B. 참된 무한으로서의 사랑 ····································································· 118
• C. 생명의 영으로서의 사랑 ···································································· 123
• D. 인격의 신비로서의 사랑 ···································································· 129
• E. 신적 통일성으로서의 사랑 ································································· 137
• Ⅶ. 신적 본질로서의 사랑에 관한 비판적 대화 ··········································· 143
• A. 사랑의 언어적 한계 문제 ··································································· 143
• 1. 언어적 유비성과 실제적 유비의 차이 ················································· 144
• 2. 사랑 개념에 대한 바르트의 경고 ······················································· 147
• 3. 존재의 유비를 포괄하는 신앙의 유비 ················································ 148
• 4. 역사와 성육신에 기초한 사랑의 언어-사건 ········································· 150
• B. 사랑의 인격성 여부 문제 ··································································· 151
• 1. 한 인격적 주체와 세 인격적 주체 ····················································· 152
• 2. 세 위격을 포괄하고 관통하는 사랑의 영 ············································ 153
• 3. 사랑의 영과 성령의 인격성 여부 문제 ··············································· 155
• C. 사랑과 자유의 긴장 문제 ··································································· 156
• 1. 긴장 관계에 있는 사랑의 자유 ·························································· 157
• 2. 사랑과 자유의 인격 ········································································· 159
• 3. 일치 관계에 있는 사랑의 자유 ·························································· 160
• 4. 조건 관계에 있는 사랑의 자유 ·························································· 162
• Ⅷ. 결론 ································································································ 166
• A. 요약 ································································································ 166
• B. 평가 및 제언 ···················································································· 171
• 참고문헌 ································································································ 180
• 영문초록/Abstract ·············································································· 189

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