Responding to heritage through adaptive reuse : dialogues of the old and new

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to get a better understanding of the use of space resulting from the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings to highlight its role in producing new functions and uses that contribute to creating a more sustainable public environment. Moreover, this thesis aims to study the union of new and old architecture by looking at the formal categorization of heritage buildings and intervention types that already exists in the literature. Furthermore, the study also looks at the effects of the categorized interventions on heritage buildings in terms of heritage preservation and physical state.
A multiple-case study analysis method was conducted for this research, and the analytical framework consists of three parts. The first part is a typological analysis to compare the original use of the building and the new use after the adaptation. The second looks into the types of hosts and interventions through formal analysis. Lastly, the third part is concerned with evaluating each adaptive reuse type. Each case study was evaluated on three categories based on twelve different precedents and their applied typologies.
Heritage buildings have a unique potential for adaptive reuse. While they keep their historical significance, they can be converted into mix-use developments ideal for producing new uses and increasing urban vibrancy by providing new experiential public spaces in urban areas.
The categorization of heritage building (Host) types according to the physical state of the building done by Wong (2016), as well as the adaptive reuse intervention types within the architectural approach done by Bollack (2013), was adopted as a tool for analysis of case studies in order to understand the relationship between adaptive reuse interventions and heritage buildings from a formal point of view.
Most buildings covered in this study had several types applied simultaneously. Insertions are the most flexible type to be applied when adapting heritage buildings. Its use ranges from minimal interventions to the addition of new parts or spaces. On the other hand, Juxtapositions appear the least. That could be explained by the nature of this intervention type, as it does not interfere with the form of the heritage building but instead works with the said building to serve a specific programmatic function.
This research identified different criteria for evaluating the adaptive reuse types based on case studies of several successful projects. Under Heritage Preservation, the Juxtapositions type has the highest score. The Parasite type has the most facade increase ratio, meaning that the facade increase is involved in most buildings. The Parasite type has the highest benefits in creating new spaces, followed by Juxtapositions, while other types influence spatial increase slightly.
Adaptive reuse approaches are vital for conserving historical value and repurposing buildings with new functions. The original uses were compared to new uses in this thesis. The adaptive reuse of old buildings could allow new functions which reflect current trends and mix-use strategies for a more diverse rehabilitation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................. 1
• 1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 1
• 1.2 Methodology and Research Outline ................................................. 5
• 1.2.1 Purpose and Objectives ............................................................. 5
• 1.2.2 Methods..................................................................................... 5
• 1.2.3 Case study selection .................................................................. 6
• 1.2.4 Thesis Outline ........................................................................... 9
• Chapter 2 – Literature Review ...................................................................... 12
• 2.1 Similar Terms and Definitions ....................................................... 12
• 2.2 Historical Review ........................................................................... 17
• 2.2.1 Pre 19th century building reuse ............................................... 17
• 2.2.2 Viollet-le-Duc, Ruskin, and Morris ........................................ 18
• 2.2.3 Riegl and Boito ....................................................................... 21
• 2.2.4 Post-World War I .................................................................... 23
• 2.2.5 The evolution of Adaptive Reuse ........................................... 28
• 2.2.6 Summary ................................................................................. 30
• 2.3 Approaches to Adaptive Reuse ...................................................... 31
• 2.3.1 Functional approach ................................................................ 31
• 2.3.2 Formal approach ..................................................................... 31
• 2.3.3 Interior approach ..................................................................... 33
• 2.4 Successful Adaptive Reuse ............................................................ 34
• Chapter 3 – Types and Case Studies ............................................................. 36
• 3.1 Types of Hosts ................................................................................ 36
• 3.1.1 Entity ....................................................................................... 37
• 3.1.2 Shell ........................................................................................ 37
• 3.1.3 Semi-Ruin ............................................................................... 38
• 3.1.4 Fragmented ............................................................................. 39
• 3.1.5 Relic ........................................................................................ 41
• 3.1.6 Group hosts ............................................................................. 41
• 3.2 Types of Adaptive Reuse Interventions ......................................... 42
• 3.2.1 Insertions ................................................................................. 43
• 3.2.2 Parasites .................................................................................. 44
• 3.2.3 Wraps ...................................................................................... 45
• 3.2.4 Juxtapositions .......................................................................... 45
• 3.2.5 Weavings................................................................................. 46
• 3.3 Relevant Case Studies .................................................................... 47
• 3.3.1 New York University, Philosophy Department building ........ 47
• 3.3.2 All Souls, Bolton ..................................................................... 49
• 3.3.3 Royal Ontario Museum ........................................................... 51
• 3.3.4 Antwerp Port House ................................................................ 53
• 3.3.5 Le Fresnoy National Studio for contemporary art .................. 55
• 3.3.6 Santa Caterina Market ............................................................. 57
• 3.3.7 FRAC Dunkerque ................................................................... 59
• 3.3.8 Musee des Beaux-Arts ............................................................ 61
• 3.3.9 Neues Museum........................................................................ 63
• 3.3.10 Zeitz MOCAA ........................................................................ 66
• 3.3.11 Tate Modern ............................................................................ 68
• 3.3.12 Caixa Forum Madrid ............................................................... 71
• Chapter 4 – Analysis and Discussion............................................................ 73
• Chapter 5 – Conclusions ............................................................................... 80
• References ..................................................................................................... 82