지방자치 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 : 인천광역시의회를 중심으로 = Study on the Vitalization of a Local Self-Government : Focusing on the Local Council of the Metropolitan City of Incheon

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper studies on the problems and solutions of local autonomy in Korea. Especially , based on persona I experiences as the Chairman of Incheon Metropolitan City Council, I took a deep look at current situation of local democracy system and strived to show some practical solutions about related matters. Primary focus is on how to vitalize local council I and what should be done to do so.
Local self-government has been restored after 30 years's suspension. Though the system failed to fill high expectation and desire for it, it significantly contributed to changing people's view of democracy and building sound consensus of self-governance. Problems and solution's related to Local Council are as follows.
Unlike the National Assembly, Local Council has played a minor role in managing local society and administrating several local problem ranging from political issues to social welfare system. One of the main reasons is that local council has been made not by its unique value which represents and supports local people's opinion but by only political logic to govern local organization from central government. In its ideal, local autonomy is highly cherished by famous notation of grassroots's democracy, but its reality is totally different form the concept. Futhermore, Korea has a long history of central government Is ruling over the country. Unless this old practice and attitude toward local autonomy is rooted out, sound and steady development of local democracy will not be accomplished.
Fiscal deficiency of local government is another barrier to developing local autonomy. Most of provinces and cities in korea do not have resources enough raise tax and welfare fund to use. This fiscal dependancy on central government makes local government more subject to influence of central political body and local council members busy with lobbying for money. In order to solve this problem, range's and subjects of taxation should be handled by local government to some extent. Local government should have some right to find new resources for tax and issue its bond within some discretion. Local council has been exposed to severe criticism from the beginning. Some are related to its members's qualification and others to its body and right.
Many critics assert that members of local council do not have appropriate capability to manage local political and social issues. It is said that without listening to local people's petition, they are apt to wit central stage's news and rumor. There is a saying that they also use its local council as a middle bridge to lead their political road map.
Under the current local council system, It is hard to expect that local council members behave like a statesman not a politician. According to the law, incumbent members of local council receive no payment. The position of local council member is an honorary post and many members of local council has an additional job. This situation makes local council an assembly of men of high financial power. A diligent worker with all energy for local civilians but no money cannot enter the political world. It is required that current law should be revised and made some rules to pay local members.
For check and balance, local council should be given some practical rights against the mayer, chief of administrative body in local government. Current law regulates that those officials who refuse or stand mute without any reason are imposed a 5 million won correctional fine, but practically it is hard to enforce in case of the mayer. Therefore the related regulation should be revised.
One of main function of local self-government is to improve its local residents welfare. The following measures should be made in order to accomplish local welfare. First, local authority delivers those functions of the survey of local need, the establishment of local welfare policy planning and civil minimum standard, at the same time organizing people's participation channel. Second, local authority puts in efforts t o develop the welfare mix system, the establishment of administrative delivery system, and functional distribution between central government and local government. Third, local authority should keep in close touch with local social welfare institutions and develop its unique infrastructure. Finally, central government should raise fiscal portion of welfare fund.
In conclusion, the operation of local government system and local council is not accomplished automatically without active participation of its members. Three bodies of local administration, council and its residents should work together to vitalize local self-government.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위, 방법 그리고 논문의 구성 = 4
• 제2장 지방자치(지방의회)의 전개과정 = 7
• 제1절 개념 = 7
• 1. 지방자치의 정의 = 7
• 2. 지방자치의 가치 = 8
• 제2절 지방자치의 생성과정 = 9
• 제3절 한국의 지방자치제도 = 10
• 1. 이승만 정부와 지방자치 = 10
• 2. 장면 정부와 지방자치 = 11
• 3. 문민정부와 지방자치 = 12
• 제3장 한국의 현행 지방자치제도의 문제점 = 13
• 제1절 지방자치 제도의 법적·제도적 문제점 = 13
• 1. 자치입법상의 문제점 = 13
• 2. 자치행정의 문제점 = 15
• 3. 자치재정의 문제점 = 17
• 4. 국고보조금과 양여금제도의 문제점 = 19
• 5. 의원 유급제의 문제점 = 23
• 제2절 지방의회와 집행기관간의 문제점 = 24
• 1. 주요국의 지방의회와 지방자치단체장의 관계 = 24
• 2. 문제점 = 26
• 제3절 주민참여제도의 문제 = 29
• 제4절 사회복지와 지방자치의 문제 = 31
• 1. 사회복지에 대한 인식의 전환 = 31
• 2. 복지정책의 환경변화 = 38
• 3. 지역복지정책의 문제점 = 40
• 제5절 지방자치단체의 경제발전 및 국제화 문제점 = 43
• 제6절 지방의회의 문제점 = 47
• 1. 정책심의 및 결정 = 48
• 2. 행정감사 = 51
• 3. 민의 수렴 = 52
• 제4장 지방자치 활성화 방안 = 55
• 제1절 법적·제도적 발전 = 55
• 1. 위임입법의 확대 = 55
• 2. 기관위임사무의 축소 = 56
• 3. 재정자립도 확대 = 56
• 4. 국고보조금과 양여금제도의 개선 = 57
• 5. 의원유급제 도입 = 58
• 제2절 지방의회와 지방자치단체장의 관계의 재정립 = 61
• 제3절 주민참여제도 개선을 위한 인터넷 활용방안 = 66
• 1. 사이버 정치수단으로서의 인터넷 활용 = 66
• 2. 인터넷 활용 기반구축 방안 = 70
• 제4절 지역복지정책 개선방안 = 72
• 1. 지역복지정책 참여자의 역할 개선 = 72
• 2. 지역복지정책의 개선 = 75
• 제5절 실질적 경제발전 정책 및 국제화의 추구 = 78
• 제6절 의정활동의 활성화 = 81
• 제5장 결론 = 83
• 참고문헌 = 86
• ABSTRACT = 88
• 감사의 글 = 92