레프 톨스토이의 아동작품에 내재된 문학적 가치와 철학적 사고 = The Literary Value and Philosophical Thought in the Children`s Texts of Lev Tolstoy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The educational activity of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy has begun for the reading and writing of children of the Clear Glade since 1849. He began to conduct more active pedagogical work since 1859, continuing it with breaks till the end of his life. After returning from the Crimean war he had opened school in the Clear Glade and expanded the organization of country schools to the nearest settlements. Tolstoy has entered, as he wrote about it later, to the period of three-year passionate hobby for this business. Tolstoy considered that there has come time (we will remember that then Russia worried the period of the first revolutionary situation and lifting of socially-pedagogical movement) when the formed people of the country should help actively to the broad masses, feeling huge requirement for formation, to satisfy their this lawful aspiration, without trusting so an important issue of the imperial power. The major place in L. N. Tolstoy`s pedagogical theory is occupied with idea of free education. It is closely connected with its philosophical, idealistic and political views. L. N. Tolstoy considered that the person has the right to form freely the belief and sights, without any violence and compulsion from a society, and that natural perfection and high moral qualities is inherent in children. In 1860 Tolstoy intended to found an educational society. Its problem - opening of schools for peasants, selection of teachers for them, drawing up of a course teaching and the help to teachers in their work. In 1872 left 『Azbuka』 Tolstoy in four books - result of 14-year-old work. The criticism - both official, and democratic - has met this work so severely that the writer has again started to work over it - for the corrected reprinting. He has anew copied actually 『Azbuka』, naming it 『New Azbuka』, and the materials entering into sections for reading, has allocated in 『Russian books for reading』. Work was completed in 1875, and for it has been created more than hundred new stories and fairy tales. For Tolstoy, the writer-realist, in a children`s work of art the main thing is the esthetic beginning, and any truly art text carries out also educational functions. To nurseries art products it put forward these requirements in critiques, to them followed and in practice, creating products for children.

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