근대 중국의 세계관적 사상의 변화와 정치사상의 전개 = World View Changes and Evolution of Political Ideas in Modern China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

China`s new modern intellectuals led three major political movements- the 1898 reform movement, and the 1911 republican revolution, and the 1919 May Fourth movement. By contrast to the traditional bureaucrats, the new Chinese intellectuals anticipated a radical change from disintegrating traditional order of Chinese politics and society. A series of Chinese historical crises at the turn of the 20th Century was caused by the domestic socio-economic decay and the invasion of foreign imperialist powers. And this, in turn, galvanized Chinese new intellectuals political activism searching for a modern socio- political order. The current research examines modern Chinese political ideas from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge. The main focus of the paper is an analysis of the relationship between socio-political dynamics that instigated world view changes and the evolution of political ideas. And here are major findings of the paper. (1) The revitalized New Text confucianism in late Qing`s reform movement provided ideological justification for the institutional reform, which incorporated a fundamental criticism against the Chinese traditional ethics and the claim of people`s rights against the despotism. (2) The paradigmic role of Darwinian evolutionism in the building of modern Chinese nationalism in the republican revolutionary period differentiated the revolutionary anti-Manchuism from the reformist anti-imperialism. (3) In the wake of the May Fourth movement, the sinization of Marxism took place, and it promoted the emergence of the peasant nationalist revolution in the Asiatic agrarian society, an increasingly differential path from the Soviet model.

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