현상학적 몸: 김춘수의 「꽃」과 이청준의 귀향 = Body in Phenomenology : Chunsoo Kim's "Flower" and Chungjoon Lee's Home-Coming

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Human body had been regarded as the source of evil thereby repressed by the law in male dominated society. At the end of Modernity, however, body, along with other repressed strata such as writing, women, the colored people, and sexuality, began to be arising accompanied with the flowering intellectual movements of Deconstruction, and consecutively the Cultural Studies. Placing the human right of women, race and sexuality in equal position to the established groups, the body plays the crucial role to shift a paradigm. For instance, M. Foucault utilizes Nietzsche's concepts of not only genealogy but Dionysus, the Greek God of body (or pleasure) who is the counterpart of Apollon, a God of law. Foucault rewrites the history of sexuality of the family-oriented modern society in which homosexuality was strategically repressed as evil, while Judith Butler rereads this "materialized body" for the purpose of lesbian movement, so called "Queer." Now in the 21th century, we are revisiting the phenomenology of Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty who enlarged human body in terms of experience to the extend of things, environment, and Nature. This paper is about phenomenological body in the context of Korean poem and fictions.

Chunsoo Kim depicts how body becomes a "Flower" with the name designated by a lover. Since we are born from the earth (or thing) into the world, and eventually return to the earth, we need a meaning and a purpose to live in this world. Hence, we give a name to a body and turn a thing to be the absolute Being, but the veil of language cannot hide the trace of body completely, because body is more powerful than language. There is always a surplus of name as Kim expresses it "Flower" which is still transient, yet eternal. On the other hand, the surplus of body becomes a cause of changing direction from home to the city, and vice versa in Chungjoon Lee's fictions. In his works, a narrator who proceeded to the society gets tired and sick but endures it with a fantasy of home-coming. The body or thing(bird or tree) makes the narrator turn the directions for the circulation of life by going and coming back between home and society just like the cycle of Nature.