환경주의의 정치적 힘: 닉슨 행정부의 환경정책을 중심으로 = The Political Strength of Environmentalism: Focusing on the Environmental Policies of the Nixon Administration

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the decades that followed World War II, America became the most prosperous country in the world. However, the economic prosperity and growth negatively impacted the environmental quality of the nation. In 1968, when Nixon was elected President, the main issue was the American environment. After a few months in office, he observed that the country was facing environmental problems so severe that presidential action was required. Therefore, Nixon took action, and regardless of his own ideology or political views, he insisted on going in the direction that would make him popular. It was also because of this popularity that he signed the Clean Air Act. Nixon’s most fundamental commitment was to his reelection. He was a man concerned with public opinion and motivated by reelection. For Nixon, popularity was about maintaining economic stability and providing Americans with what they sought. Therefore, popularity and economic stability were the two most important guidelines Nixon followed throughout his Presidency. Consequently, the Nixon administration became one of the most active presidencies in American environmental history. The Nixon administration took the lead in the great American environmentalism victory. The achievements of the Nixon administration’s environmental policy were due to the political strength of American environmentalism.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

제2차 세계대전 이후 미국은 세계에서 가장 번영하는 국가가 되었다. 그러나 전후의 경제적 번영과 성장은 환경에 악영향을 미쳤다. 1960년대 들어 대중 속에서 환경에 대한 관심이 고조되어 닉슨이 대통령 임기를 시작한 1969년이 되면 환경문제는 정치적 이슈로 발전하였다. 닉슨은 대통령 선거 운동과정에서 환경문제를 거의 언급하지 않았을 정도로 환경에 무관심했다. 그러나 당선 직후 그는 미국이 심각한 환경문제에 직면해 있고 어떤 식으로든 대통령의 역할을 요구하고 있다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 닉슨은 자신의 개인적 신념이나 정치적 견해와 상관없이 대중의 인기를 얻기 위해 행동에 나섰다. 결국 닉슨 행정부는 미국 역사상 가장 적극적으로 환경문제에 관여했던 정부 가운데 하나로 평가되기에 이르렀다. 그가 1970년 청정대기법에 서명한 것도 대중의 인기를 의식했기 때문이었다. 닉슨은 경제적 안정과 대중적 인기를 통해 차기 대선에서의 재선을 갈망하였다. 이 두 가지 요소는 그의 대통령직 수행 과정에서 가장 중요한 지침으로 작용하였다. 그 결과 닉슨은 환경주의의 위대한 승리를 주도하게 되었다. 그것은 당시 미국 환경주의가 지니고 있는 거대한 ‘정치적 힘’에 기인한 것이었다.

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