임화 시에 나타난"용기"의 양상과 의미 = The aspect and meaning of"courage"portrayed in Hwa Im`s poem

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research aims to analyze the poetic change in Hwa Im``s early, middle, and late poems and its process to explore the aspect and meaning of ``courage`` portrayed in these poems. The poetic word ``courage`` in his poetry is a product of self-consciousness around the internal circumstances of the youth, the main agents of modern society; so, we need to analyze the word in details. In particular, the word ``courage`` is frequently used in his early and middle poems. Further, composed were many of poems which show a peculiar attitude toward ``courage`` although the poetic word ``courage`` is not used in those poems. After that time, the word ``courage`` in his early and middle poems shows an aspect that the word returns to his late poems through the process of poetic change. The word ``courage`` used in Im`s poetry has three aspects and meanings. First, other-directed courage is given by female mediators. This is mainly found in his early poems and means that the main agents have a correlation (i.e. close relations) with other people. The second one is bilateral ``courage`` as a twofold declaration (i.e. the agents` fear and will). It is a recurring aspect in his middle poems, and it reveals the insides of the main agents who fight a tough struggle. The final one is ex post ``courage`` (re)formed by the main agents` memory. This is an aspect which appears in his middle and late poems, and means the change of self-consciousness following other-directed ``courage`` and bilateral ``courage.`` The poetic word ``courage`` portrayed in Hwa Im`s poetry is a product of a poet`s self-consciousness which adopts the construction of historic confrontation will and self-identity as a method of overcoming bleak reality. In conclusion, the word ``courage`` dramatically does not act as a method of overcoming reality but it is a prototype which inspired the main agents constantly.

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