“述語”說之再檢討

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

“Yu” and “Ci” are respectively used in different areas. “Yu” is used in analyzing sentences and “Ci” is used in classification of words. But many Chinese grammarians use “Dongci” in analyzing sentences.
Xing Fuyi pays attention to this phenomenon, and argues that the term of “Dongci” should be replaced by “Dongyu”. Xing Fuyi believes that “Dongyu” is sometimes bigger than a simple verb and it also implies movement or action. Though the term of “Dongyu” is more appropriate than that of “Dongci”, I argue that there are some problems in his viewpoint, because some so-called “Dongyu” don’t imply any movement or action at all.
According to my research, when prepositions are placed behind verbs or adjectives in Chinese, they have the tendency of combining with the prepositioned verbs or adjectives, and role predicates in sentences. Different from “Verbs + prepositions”, “adjectives + preposition ‘Yu’” don’t have any movement or action, so I argue that the term of “Dongyu” is not profitable for these cases. I think that we should adopt the term of “Shuyu” instead, because “Shuyu” isn’t just related to the movement or action, it can also be related to the description about something.
Prepositions have been considered to form the complement with their object, when they are placed after the verbs or adjectives in Chinese. This kind of viewpoint can’t explain the changes in Chinese. In Chinese the prepositions have the tendency of adhering to the verbs or adjectives when they are followed by the verbs or adjectives. In this case I argue that they should be analyzed as “Dongci+Yuzhui” and “Xingrongci+Yuzhui”.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 引言
• 2. “謂语説”
• 3. “動語說”與“述語說”
• 4. “述語”的特殊類型
• 5. 結論
• 【參考文獻】
• 【Abstract】

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