Leisure Time Physical Activity to Reduce Metabolic Syndrome Risk: A 10-Year Community-Based Prospective Study in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health problem related to increased risks of cardiovascular disease andtype 2 diabetes. We investigated whether recommended levels of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) decrease the risk of MetS ina community-based prospective cohort study (Ansung and Ansan cohort).
Materials and Methods: A total of 3910 adults (1890 men, 2020 women) without MetS examined in 2001–2002 (baseline) wereincluded in this study and followed up from 2013 to 2014. We measured LTPA energy expenditure using the standard metabolicequivalent value [metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/wk]. Individuals were categorized into five groups (physically inactive, 0.1to <7.5, 7.5 to <15.0, 15.0 to <22.5, 22.5 to <40.0, and ≥40.0 MET-h/wk).
Results: The mean follow-up period was 11.8 years. Among the cohort, 482 men (25.5%) and 541 women (26.8%) were diagnosedwith newly developed MetS. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed a 4.4% lower MetS risk among those performing two to threetimes the recommended minimum of 7.5 MET-h/wk [multivariate relative risk (RR), 0.956; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.654–1.398] and a 21.9% lower risk among those performing three to four times the physical activity minimum (multivariate RR, 0.781;95% CI, 0.574–1.063). This association was only significant in females performing three to four times the minimum (crude RR,0.655; 95% CI, 0.432–0.994).
Conclusion: We noted that physical activity at more than 2 times the recommended minimum prevents MetS. Healthcare professionalsshould encourage inactive adults to be physically active during their leisure time to take advantage of its health benefits.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 The jamovi project, "jamovi (Version 1.2) [Computer software]"

2 Piercy KL, "The physical activity guidelines for Americans" 320 : 2020-2028, 2018

3 Simmons RK, "The metabolic syndrome : useful concept or clinical tool? Report of a WHO Expert Consultation" 53 : 600-605, 2010

4 Saklayen MG, "The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome" 20 : 12-, 2018

5 International Diabetes Federation, "The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome" International Diabetes Federation 2006

6 Xi B, "Short sleep duration predicts risk of metabolic syndrome : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 18 : 293-297, 2014

7 Bertrais S, "Sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged French subjects" 13 : 936-944, 2005

8 Ford ES, "Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the metabolic syndrome among U. S. adults" 13 : 608-614, 2005

9 Kujala UM, "Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality : the Finnish twin cohort" 279 : 440-444, 1998

10 R Core Team, "R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria"

11 Salonen MK, "Physical activity, body composition and metabolic syndrome in young adults" 10 : e0126737-, 2015

12 Paffenbarger RS Jr, "Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni" 314 : 605-613, 1986

13 Lakka TA, "Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome" 32 : 76-88, 2007

14 Xiao J, "Physical activity and sedentary behavior associated with components of metabolic syndrome among people in rural China" 11 : e0147062-, 2016

15 Diaz KM, "Physical activity and incident hypertension in African Americans : the Jackson Heart Study" 69 : 421-427, 2017

16 Mozumdar A, "Persistent increase of prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US adults : NHANES III to NHANES 1999-2006" 34 : 216-219, 2011

17 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "National diabetes statistics report" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services 2017

18 Huh JH, "Metabolic syndrome epidemic among Korean adults : Korean survey of Cardiometabolic Syndrome(2018)" 277 : 47-52, 2018

19 Vancampfort D, "Metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in patients with major depressive disorder : a meta-analysis of prevalences and moderating variables" 44 : 2017-2028, 2014

20 Grundy SM, "Metabolic syndrome : a multiplex cardiovascular risk factor" 92 : 399-404, 2007

21 Pérez-Martínez P, "Lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome : an international panel recommendation" 75 : 307-326, 2017

22 Arem H, "Leisure time physical activity and mortality : a detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship" 175 : 959-967, 2015

23 Semlitsch T, "Increasing physical activity for the treatment of hypertension : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 43 : 1009-1023, 2013

24 이윤정, "High-Carbohydrate Diets and Food Patterns and Their Associations with Metabolic Disease in the Korean Population" 연세대학교의과대학 59 (59): 834-842, 2018

25 Alberti KG, "Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome" 120 : 1640-1645, 2009

26 Groop L, "Genetics of the metabolic syndrome" 83 (83): S39-S48, 2000

27 Ainsworth BE, "Compendium of Physical Activities : classification of energy costs of human physical activities" 25 : 71-80, 1993

28 Ainsworth BE, "Compendium of Physical Activities : an update of activity codes and MET intensities" 32 (32): S498-S504, 2000

29 Vinluan CM, "Comparison of different metabolic syndrome definitions and risks of incident cardiovascular events in the elderly" 61 : 302-309, 2012

30 Kim Y, "Cohort profile : the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study(KoGES)consortium" 46 : e20-, 2017

31 Dunstan DW, "Associations of TV viewing and physical activity with the metabolic syndrome in Australian adults" 48 : 2254-2261, 2005

32 Li CL, "Associations between the metabolic syndrome and its components, watching television and physical activity" 121 : 83-91, 2007

33 Rennie KL, "Association of the metabolic syndrome with both vigorous and moderate physical activity" 32 : 600-606, 2003

34 Edwardson CL, "Association of sedentary behaviour with metabolic syndrome : a meta-analysis" 7 : e34916-, 2012

35 Kim J, "Association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Japanese : a cross-sectional study" 11 : 624-, 2011

36 He D, "Association between leisure time physical activity and metabolic syndrome : a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 46 : 231-240, 2014

37 Lee SY, "Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults" 75 : 72-80, 2007

38 Huh JH, "An association of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease from a 10-year prospective cohort study" 67 : 54-61, 2017

39 Sun K, "Alcohol consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome : a meta-analysis of prospective studies" 33 : 596-602, 2014

40 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, "2018Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee scientific report" U.S. Department of Health and Human Services F2-F33, 2018