마음챙김 명상의 심리치료적 적용을 위한 제언

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 다양한 심리적 장애에 대하여 마음챙김의 치료적 효과가 입증되어 왔다. 선행 연구에서는 마음챙김 명상 중 경험할 수 있는 다양한 부정적 경험에 대해서 다루지 못했다는 한계가 있다. 또한 마음챙김 명상 중 개인의 심리적 특성에 따라 어떠한 경험 양상이 나타나는지에 대한 탐색적 연구가 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 마음챙김 명상 경험에 영향을 미치는 명상 수행자의 심리적 특성(자아강도와 외상경험, 성격특성, 수행을 시작하게 된 동기)들을 살펴봄으로써 마음챙김 명상을 심리치료에 보다 효과적으로 적용하기 위한 의견을 제시하고자 하였다. 자아강도가 낮거나 심각한 외상경험으로 인해 심리적으로 취약해진 개인은 마음챙김 명상을 통해 긍정적인 이득을 얻기 이전에 자기비판적 태도로 스스로를 관찰하게 되거나 미해결 감정들이 증폭되고, 외상적 기억들이 재경험되는 고통스러운 처리 과정을 거칠 수 있고, 개인의 성격적 특성에 따라 명상을 자기 자각이 아닌 현실 도피의 수단으로 오용할 수도 있다는 점에 유의하여야 한다는 것을 제안하고자 하였다. 따라서 치료자나 수행 지도자들은 심리적으로 취약한 이들에게 마음챙김 명상을 적용할 때에 수행자의 심리적 특성들을 세심하게 고려하는 것이 필요하리라 생각된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Currently, it has been proven that mindfulness meditation has therapeutic effects on treating various psychological disorders. Researchers, in previous studies, focused on positive experiences and effects of mindfulness meditation and overlooked negative experiences while practicing. There also have been few studies exploring the aspects of meditative experiences dependent on psychological traits of individuals. In this study, we explored meditator`s psychological traits such as ego strength, traumatic experiences, personality traits, motivation to practice meditation which influence on their experiences of mindfulness meditation and suggested some implications for more effective clinical application of mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy. This study suggests that those with low ego strength and the vulnerable due to traumatic experiences are subject to get through painful process such as self-critical observation and amplification of unsolved emotions, and retraumatization during the recall of traumatic memories. In addition, it needs to be noted that some people misuse meditation as a means of reality avoidance. Therefore, clinicians and meditation teachers should delicately consider the psychological traits of meditators in applying mindfulness meditation.

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