A Case Study to Estimate the Greenhouse-Gas Mitigation Potential on Conventional Rice Production System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, we established inventory of conventional rice cultivation fromfarmers in Gunsan and Iksan, Jeonbuk province in 2011∼2012. This study was to calculate carbon footprintand to analyse the major factor of GHGs. We carried out a sensitivity analysis using the analyzed main factorsof GHGs and estimated the mitigation potential of GHGs. Also we tried to suggest agricultural methods toreduce GHGs that farmers of this case study can apply. Carbon footprint of rice production unit of 1 kg was2.21 kg CO2.-eq. kg-1. Although amount of CO2 emissions is largest among GHGs, methane had the highestcontribution of carbon footprint on rice production system after methane was converted to carbon dioxideequivalent (CO2-eq.) multiplied by the global warming potential (GWP). Source of CO2 in the cultivation ofrice farming is incomplete combustion of fossil fuels used by agricultural machinery. Most of the CH4 emittedduring rice cultivation and major factor of CH4 emission is flooded paddy field in anaerobic condition. Mostof the N2O emitted from rice cultivation process and major sources of N2O emission is application of fertilizersuch as compound fertilizer, urea, orgainc fertilizer, etc. As a result of sensitivity analysis due to the variationin energy consumption, diesel had the highest sensitivity among the energies inputs. If diesel consumption isreduced by 10%, it could be estimated that CO2 potential reduction is about 2.5%. When application rate ofcompound fertilizer reduces by 10%, the potential reduction is calculated to be approximately 1% for CO2 andapproximately 1.8% for N2O. When drainage duration is decreased until 10 days, methane emissions isreduced by approximately 4.5%. That is to say drainage days, tillage, and reducing diesel consumption werethe main sources having the largest effect of GHG reduction due to changing amount of inputs. Accordingly,proposed methods to decrease GHG emissions were no-tillage, midsummer drainage, etc.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정순철, "전과정평가를 활용한 복합비료 생산 시스템의 온실가스 배출량 평가" 한국토양비료학회 44 (44): 256-262, 2011

2 유종희, "시설상추 생산체계에 대한 top-down 방식 전과정평가" 한국토양비료학회 44 (44): 1185-1194, 2011

3 유종희, "시설상추 농가를 대상으로 하는 bottom-up 방식 LCA 방법론의 농업적 적용" 한국토양비료학회 44 (44): 1195-1206, 2011

4 유종희, "관행농 쌀 생산체계의 탄소배출량 평가를 위한 전과정평가: top-down 방식의 국가평균값과 bottom-up 방식의 사례분석값 비교" 한국토양비료학회 45 (45): 1143-1152, 2012

5 Blengini, G. A., "The life cycle of rice; LCA of alternative agri-food chain management system in Vercelli(Italy)" 90 : 1512-1522, 2009

6 Ahn, S. J, "Stochastic analysis for uncertainty of life cycle assessment with Monte-Carlo simulation" University of Ajou 2005

7 MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy)., "Software program PASS v.4.1.3"

8 Harada, H., "Reduction in greenhouse gas emission by no-tilling rice cultivation in Hachirogata polder, nothern Japan : life cycle inventory analysis" 53 : 668-677, 2007

9 Lehugera, S., "Predicting and mitigating the net greenhouse gas emissions of crop rotations in western Europe" 151 : 1654-1671, 2011

10 Hossain, M. Z., "No-tillage transplanting system of rice with controlled availaility fertilizer in the nursery box. 1. Growth characteristics and yield of rice in three representative paddy soils" 50 : 71-86, 2000

11 Kimura, M, "Methane emission from paddy soils in Japan and Thailand, In World inventory of soil emission potentials. WISE report 2" International Soil Reference and Information Centre 43-79, 1992

12 Majumdar., "Methane and nitrous oxide emission from irrigated rice fields : Proposed mitigation strategies" 84 (84): 1317-1326, 2003

13 Mosier, A. R., "Measurement of net global warming potential in three agroecosystems" 72 : 67-76, 2005

14 Rath, A. K., "Influence of fertilizer management and water regime on methane emission from rice fields. Agriculture" 76 : 99-107, 1999

15 Robertson, G. P., "Greenhouse gas fluxes in tropical and temperate agriculture : The need for a full-cost accounting of global warming potentials" 6 : 51-63, 2004

16 Kramer, K. J., "Greenhouse gas emissions related to Dutch food consumption" 27 (27): 203-216, 1999

17 Amlinger, F., "Greenhouse gas emission from composting, and mechanical biological treatment" 26 (26): 47-60, 2008

18 Bhatia, A., "Global warming potential of manure amended soils under rice-wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic plains" 39 : 6976-6984, 2005

19 Koga, N., "Fuel composition-derived CO2 emissions under conventional and reduced tillage cropping systems in northern Japan" 99 : 213-219, 2003

20 Van Zeijts, H., "Fitting fertilisation in LCA : allocation to carops in a cropping plan" 7 : 69-74, 1999

21 Mishra, S., "Effect of continuous and alternate water regimes on methane efflux from under greenhouse conditions" 24 : 399-405, 1997

22 Smith, P., "Agriculture. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" Cambridge University Press 2007

23 KWA(Korea Waste Association), "Agricultural waste data. Korea Waste Association" Korea Waste Association 2007

24 Shin, S. C., "A study on the feasibility of a policy mix in reducing GHG emission in Korea" Korea Environment Institute 1-, 2011

25 MIFAFF(Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheres), "A study on establishing effective management system for equipped agricultural input wastes" Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheres 2004

26 정현철, "1996년과 2006년 IPCC 가이드라인별 경종부문 온실가스 배출량 평가" 한국토양비료학회 44 (44): 1214-1219, 2011