공공 부문 행정 농도 결정 요인에 관한 탐색적 연구: 대학 규모와 구조 복잡성을 중심으로 = What determines administrative intensity in higher education? Exploring the impact of organizational size and structural complexity

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국의 4년제 대학을 대상으로 행정 농도(administrative intensity)의 결정요인을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 크고 복잡한 조직의 행정 농도는 항상 증가하는가? 이에 대한 답을 구하는 것은 공공 조직의 관료제적 특성에 대한 이해를 높이는 것과 연관이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 한국 4년제 대학을 대상으로 조직 규모와 구조 복잡성이 행정 농도와 비선형적인 관계를 갖는지 여부를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 조직 규모가 클수록 행정 농도는 낮아지다가 일정 수준이 넘어서면 오히려 행정 농도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 조직 규모와 행정 농도의 U자 형태의 비선형적인 관계는 대학의 전임교원 대비 행정 직원의 비중으로 측정한 협의의 행정 농도와 전임교원 대비 전체 직원 비중으로 측정한 광의의 행정 농도 모두에서 나타났다. 다음으로 대학 조직의 구조 복잡성은 협의의 행정 농도와는 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 구조적 복잡성은 광의의 행정 농도와 역시 비선형적인 관계를 가졌다. 이는 대학 내 학과 수가 일정 수준까지 증가하면 행정 농도가 낮아지지만 임계점을 넘어서면 이를 관리하기 위해 행정 농도가 증가함을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 대학 조직의 규모와 복잡성이 초반에는 행정 농도를 감소시키는 규모와 범위의 경제(economy of scale and scope) 효과를 가지지만 변곡점을 지나면 오히려 규모와 범위의 불경제(diseconomy of scale and scope)가 나타나는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구는 한국 대학의 행정 농도의 결정 요인을 탐색하여 관료제적 관리 구조의 특성이 갖는 중요성을 환기시키고자 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

organizational size and structural complexity have a nonlinear relationship to the bureaucratic component. We find that organization size and administrative intensity have a nonlinear relationship. Specifically, administrative intensity at first decreased as organization size grew, but then increased after a certain point. This nonlinear relationship (U-shaped) was shown both in the case of restricted administrative intensity, which is measured by the percentage of solely administrative staff in relation to full-time faculty members, and in the case of broad administrative intensity as measured by the percentage of full-time employees in relation to faculty members. The structural complexity of the organization was found to have no statistically significant relationship with restricted administrative intensity. However, horizontal complexity also has a nonlinear relationship to broad administrative intensity. This means that if the number of departments in a university increases to a certain level, administrative intensity will decrease, but if the threshold is exceeded, administrative intensity will increase. These results suggest that the size and complexity of a university may have an economy of scale that reduces administrative intensity at first, but then results in a diseconomy of scale after passing the optimum point.

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