야간 도시공간 범죄예방환경설계(CPTED)에 있어 조명환경에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Lighting Design for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) in the Urban Space

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Background and Purpose) The safety of an urban space at night, in particular, is the most basic requirement to enhance the quality of life of urban people and strengthen a city’s competitiveness. A well-planned lighting scheme in an urban space can give a feeling of safety and prevent crime. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a crime prevention design methodology realized through environmental planning. CPTED is understood as essential in the process of spatial planning in Korea, and the government is trying to systematically integrate it into laws and institutions. However, it is difficult to utilize CPTED because it is ambiguous in its method of application and procedures when applied to making urban spaces feel safe at night. Therefore, this study attempts to address the need to find a way to identify and solve problems with CPTED related to urban safety at night. (Method) In the course of conducting this research, domestic and foreign literature, systems and guidelines, and related projects are surveyed first. In the process of analysis, the content on the application of CPTED to the domestic urban environment at night suggests only the problem of securing the lighting or visibility, but there is a lack of a systematic approach and specificity in its procedures and implementation. In addition, it has been concluded that the lighting environment in the domestic CPTED system and project is recognized as simply an additional element and is applied without spatial understanding, a clear approach, or criteria for the method of application. Therefore, effective methods of application, such as supplementing the system of CPTED and establishing guidelines for a lighting plan are required. (Results) As a result of the study, the entire direction of the laws, regulations, and administrative guidelines should be presented along with their methods of application, such as implementation plans reflecting localities and the introduction of a certification system. It was determined that it would be necessary for experts to establish application guidelines for the lighting environment and a checklist for the management and operation of the system by general citizens. In this paper, the elements of the lighting environment that must be addressed in the CPTED guidelines are deduced. These elements include the concept or direction of the lighting environment, spatial understanding and perception, brightness distribution, color, light pollution, efficiency and management, and the relationship with the surrounding scenery. (Conclusions) Through the research process, it was confirmed that the lighting design of CPTED is like the direction of a desirable lighting plan for urban spaces. In addition, with respect to CPTED, this study is significant in establishing the main lighting factors that should be presented in procedural supplementary methods and guidelines.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김성식, "지방자치단체의 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방 정책연구 - 범죄예방 도시디자인 조례를 중심으로 -" 법학연구소 8 (8): 457-489, 2015

2 양정순, "복합건축물 단지 야간경관의 공간성 표현 연구" 한국기초조형학회 14 (14): 357-368, 2013

3 박진상, "범죄 예방 환경 설계를 위한 최적의 색채와 조명 수준의 탐색 연구" 대한인간공학회 37 (37): 123-142, 2018

4 "https://www.wyreforestd c.gov.uk/media/107729/EB077-SBD-principles.pdf"

5 "https://www.saferspaces.org.za/uploads/files/110107_Lightin gAgainstCrime.pdf"

6 "https://www.ncpc.org.sg/cpted.html"

7 "https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/cpted-part-1.pdf"

8 "https://publicaties.dsp-groep.nl/getFile.cfm?file=COPS_13_ Label_NED.pdf&dir=rapport"

9 "http://www.police.qld.gov.au/programs/crimeprevention/"

10 "http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/"

11 "http://www.chandlerpd.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/C PTED-Handbook-v4-20170627.pdf"

12 "http://opengov.seoul.go.kr/sanction/12904562"

13 "http://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2019010109261762656"

14 "Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Law"

15 "Urban Development Law Enforcement Regulations"

16 Jung, Jibum, "Trusted Village Project and Local Security Governance" Korean Institute of Public Administration 2014

17 Notification of Ministry of Land, "Transport and Maritime Affairs, Crime Prevention Building Standards Notice" National Decree Information Center 2018

18 Yang, Jungsoon, "The post-occupancy evaluation of landscape lighting design in urban parks" Ewha Womans University 2016

19 Painter, K. A., "The West Park Estate Survey: An evaluation of public lighting as a crime prevention strategy" 1991

20 Atkins, S., "The Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime" Crown Copyright 1991

21 "Special Law for Promotion of Urban Regeneration"

22 "Korea Industrial Standard KS A 8800"

23 Farrington, David P., "Improved street lighting and crime prevention" 19 (19): 313-342, 2002

24 "Implementation Regulations of the Act on Urban Parks and Greenery"

25 Shin, E. G., "How to institutionalize CPTED in Korea(I)" 15 : 1-578, 2008

26 Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs Directive, "Guidelines on detailed criteria for types of city parks and green spaces" National Information Center 2018

27 Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, "Guidelines for Environmental Design for Crime Prevention in Buildings" National Information and Law Center 2013

28 Nair, Gwyneth, "Environmental improvements and the fear of crime : the sad case of the ‘Pond’area in Glasgow" 33 (33): 555-561, 1993

29 The National Police Agency, "Design Guidelines for Crime Prevention" The National Police Agency

30 Police Agency, "Crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED)" National Police Agency 2005

31 "Building law Enforcement Decree"

32 Painter, K., "An Evaluation of Public Lighting as a Crime Prevention Strategy with Special Focus on Women and Elderly People" University of Manchester 1991