논문(論文) : 한국사회의 근대적 전환과 "사회과학" 도입의 조건 = Modern Transformation of Korea and the Establishment of Social Sciences

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines how the modern transformation of social conditions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Korea brought about the introduction of Western social sciences. The national crisis of Korea in this period, which originated both from internal deteriorations of the old system and external threats from foreign imperial forces, necessitated the transplantation of Western cultures, institutions and religions. Political reformers and scholars in Korea actively tried to ``translate`` Western social sciences, since they believed that Western countries became affluent and strong mainly due to their superiority in knowledge and technology. Driven by the practical goal of overcoming the national crisis, they preferred some fields of social sciences to others, especially those that could be utilized for political reforms and economic developments: political science, jurisprudence, and economics. In political sciences, new definitions of such key terms as the state and the people (or kukmin) were introduced to emphasize the patriotic spirit of the Korean people in the process of institutionalization of the modern state. In jurisprudence, theories of constitution attracted the most attention from political elites, to the extent that they dreamed to implant the constitutional monarch system in Korea, following the Japanese model of political modernization. In economics, Korean scholars paid attention to various economic theories and theorists related to the subjects of strengthening national wealth. In all three fields of social sciences, the introduction of foreign disciplines did not accompany serious conflicts with the traditional ones, since some Korean scholars interpreted Western social scientific knowledge in terms of time-honored Confucian teachings.

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