미국 통상법상 도피조항의 실체적 요건

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article discusses the escape clause in US Trade Law which effects Article ⅩⅨ of the GATT and the WTO Safeguard Agreement.
The modern era of safeguards measures stems from the beginning of the United States Reciprocal Trade Agreements program of its 1934 acts. The history of the US safeguards provisions reveals a series of changes in response to different economic environments. At the times of economic expansion, the conditions for a safeguard measure were tightened to make the grant of import restraint more difficult. When the economy experienced intense foreign competition and a downturn recession, changes were made to ease conditions for the application of safeguards.
Now the United States implements import relief under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 in accordance with Article ⅩⅨ of the GATT and the WTO Safeguard Agreement.
Under Section 201(a), a safeguard measure is applicable where an article is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause of serious injury, or the threat thereof, to the domestic industry producing an article like or directly competitive with the imported article.

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