五臺山 史庫本 실록의 특징과 학술적 가치 = Characteristics of the <Annals of the Joseon Dynasty> stored at Odae-san archives, and its academic values

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Annals of the Joseon dynasty stored at the Odae-san Archives have two types of versions. From the Annals of king Taejo’s reign through the Annals of king Myeongjong’s The Annals of the Joseon dynasty stored at the Odae-san Archives have two types of versions. From the Annals of king Taejo’s reign through the Annals of king Myeongjong’s reign are in fact ‘proofread versions’ which were only awaiting the final evaluation session, while the Annals from king Seonjo’s reign and then the annals of later kings were completed versions that were officially published, same as the Annals stored in other regions’ archives. Reason for preserving proofread versions instead of the final versions was because the task of creating new copies of the entire Annals of the Joseon dynasty during the reign of king Sonjo heavily costed for the government and it also required a large volumnes of paper. The entire process of storing the printed Annals at Odae-san mountain, including the copying process, renovation of the storage facility, and condition of the materials at the time of storage were all recorded in the “Shillok Hyeongji-an” record. We can see in exactly what kind of manner they were stored and preserved.
The Annals of the Joseon dynasty Kept in the Odae-san storage facility were stolen and illegally shipped out of the country, and landed in the Tokyo University in Japan during the Japanese occupation of Korea. They were almost obliterated during the Gwandong Earthquake(that 생략) occurred in 1923. Surviving documents in the catastrophe were only 74 volumes, of which 9 volumes were from the Annals of king Seonjong’s region, 50 volumes were from the Annals of king Jungjong’s reign, and 15 volumes were from the Annals of king Seonjo’s reign. The first two groups of surviving volumes were the aforementioned ‘proofread version.’ Wrong letters were replaced with right ones, while some new ones were added. Portions needing corrections were highlighted in red, or checked with x or O, which show us how proofreading procedures were at the time. The most usual types of mistake made by the people of the time are evident, and in some cases the era-title for a specific Chinese emperor is mis-recorded, suggesting that the copying task was mostly undertaken by technicians. In the future, they should be further compared with Annals stored at other facilities.reign are in fact ‘proofread versions’ which were only awaiting the final evaluation session, while the Annals from king Seonjo’s reign and then the annals of later kings were completed versions that were officially published, same as the Annals stored in other regions’ archives. Reason for preserving proofread versions instead of the final versions was because the task of creating new copies of the entire Annals of the Joseon dynasty during the reign of king Sonjo heavily costed for the government and it also required a large volumnes of paper. The entire process of storing the printed Annals at Odae-san mountain, including the copying process, renovation of the storage facility, and condition of the materials at the time of storage were all recorded in the “Shillok Hyeongji-an” record. We can see in exactly what kind of manner they were stored and preserved.
The Annals of the Joseon dynasty Kept in the Odae-san storage facility were stolen and illegally shipped out of the country, and landed in the Tokyo University in Japan during the Japanese occupation of Korea. They were almost obliterated during the Gwandong Earthquake(that 생략) occurred in 1923. Surviving documents in the catastrophe were only 74 volumes, of which 9 volumes were from the Annals of king Seonjong’s region, 50 volumes were from the Annals of king Jungjong’s reign, and 15 volumes were from the Annals of king Seonjo’s reign. The first two groups of surviving volumes were the aforementioned ‘proofread version.’ Wrong letters were replaced with right ones, while some ne...

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오대산 사고본 실록은 크게 두 가지 형태로 존재한다. 『태조실록』부터 『명종실록』 까지는 완성본 직전의 교정쇄본이며, 『선조실록』 이후로는 다른 지방 사고의 실록처럼 완성본을 보관하였다. 교정쇄본을 오대산에 보관한 것은 선조대에 실록을 한꺼번에 제작하는 과정에서 많은 종이들이 필요하였고 비용 부담이 컸기 때문이었다. 『선조실록』 이후 오대산에 실록을 보관한 상황과 실록의 고출, 사각의 수리, 포쇄 등의 도서 점검 상태는 實錄形止案에 모두 기록되어 있어서 사고에서 실록을 비롯한 서책들의 구체적인 보관 상태를 확인할 수가 있다.
오대산 사고본 실록은 일제시대인 1913년 도쿄대에 반출되었다가 1923년 관동대지진으로 대부분이 유실되고 74책이 남았다. 오대산 사고본은 『성종실록』 9책, 『중종실록』 50책과 『선조실록』 15책이 남아 있다. 오대산 사고본 실록의 특징은 조선전기 실록인 『성종실록』과 『중종실록』이 교정쇄본이라는 점이다. 주요 교정 사례는 글자의 바꿈, 글자의 추가, 글자 붙임, 띄어쓰기, 글자 뒤바꿈, 글자 경사 바로잡기 등이다. 잘못된 글자에 대해서는 붉은 글씨로 쓰거나, x, O, --- 등으로 표시한 것이 나타난다. 교정 사례를 통해 당시에 사용되었던 교정부호라든가 교정의 방식 등을 직접 확인할 수 있다. 또한 비슷한 글씨의 착각, 같은 음을 가진 한자의 착각 등 당시인들이 흔히 저지르는 실수 양상을 볼 수 있었고, 중국 황제 연호를 잘못 쓴 것 등에서 활자공들은 기계적인 작업만 했음을 추론할 수가 있었다. 2006년 47책의 오대산본 실록이 일본에서 반환되어 실록의 실물 확인이 가능해지고 교정쇄본의 특징도 밝혀지게 되었다. 향후에는 오대산 사고본 실록과 다른 사고본 실록의 실물을 꼼꼼하게 비교해 보는 연구가 요청된다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "지봉유설"

2 "중종실록"

3 강문식, "조선후기 江華史庫의 운영" 조선시대사학회 (64) : 161-199, 2013

4 강문식, "조선후기 五臺山史庫의 운영" 한국학중앙연구원 (27) : 204-233, 2012

5 신병주, "조선왕조실록의 봉안 의식과 관리" 115 : 2001

6 송기중, "조선왕조실록 보존을 위한 기초조사연구" 서울대출판부 2005

7 손계영, "조선시대의 초주지와 저주지" 29 : 2006

8 김삼기, "조선시대 제지수공업 연구" 민속원 2006

9 장원연, "조선시대 서책의 교정에 관한 연구" 한국서지학회 (42) : 521-554, 2009

10 김성희, "조선시기 외사고의 변천과 오대산사고" 2014

11 이상찬, "정족산 사고본 태조~명종 실록의 구성과 서지적 특징" 규장각한국학연구원 (63) : 219-245, 2013

12 이상찬, "오대산 사고본 실록의 자료적 가치" 한국학연구소 (31) : 497-539, 2013

13 "실록형지안"

14 "실록청의궤"

15 "성종실록"

16 "선조실록"

17 혜문, "되찾은 조선의 보물 의궤" 동국대학교 출판부 2011

18 배현숙, "朝鮮實錄硏究序說" 태일사 2002

19 신병주, "‘오대산본’ ？？조선왕조실록？？의 간행과 보관" 한국역사연구회 (61) : 175-211, 2006