중국 일대일로(一帶一路) 구상에 대응하는 베트남의 헤징(hedging) -국경 경제협력과 남중국해 갈등을 중심으로- = Vietnam’s “Hedging” Strategy in East Asia’s Power Shift

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Vietnam has actively promoted the economic development policy of reform and openness through diversification of foreign relations from the relationship of China and the Soviet Union which had been the highest priority relation in the past. As a result of forming intimate economic relations with various countries, the relationship with the United States and Japan has been greatly strengthened. But on the other hand, internal conflicts with China have been relatively intensified. But the power of the United States and Japan has had a considerable influence on Vietnam’s international security and economic development. Meanwhile, China’s the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has been strengthened under the Xi JinPing regime, is aiming for economic diplomacy, called “greater infra-structural connectivity, economic integration, policy coordination, project cooperation, efficiency realization, and benefit sharing” by China’s government of foreign policy. But in the end, this is to form a new foreign relations order which is centered on China. As a big picture of the Belt and Road Initiative has been going on under the global power shift in which the global strategy of the United States to guard against the rise of China. However, China’s Asian neighbors want to continue economic cooperation with China. But they do not want to be subordinated to the surrounding order that China defines. These problems are geo-political and geo-economic troubles of interconnected Asia.
Vietnam is actively engaged in economic exchanges with China, but Vietnam is at the center of the dispute in the South China Sea, which is claimed to be a ‘core interests’ of China. Vietnam must deal with the strategic issues of security for territorial protection. In the fundamental problem, Vietnam will be struggling with strategic problems in setting up relations with China. This paper is based on the change of international order around Vietnam, in which analyzed ‘hedging’ of Vietnam against China in terms of realism associated with the theory of balance of power. Although economic exchanges and cooperation in the border region with China, but it was delayed due to bilateral relations & the international politics of the US-China relations on south china sea. Since 1984, the foreign policy of Vietnam was the openness of the economy and the diversification of international relations, centered on economic development. It is based on an independent foreign policy and the national interest. As a result of actively promoting friendly relations with different ideology countries, Japan become a Vietnam’s largest economic support country, the United States became Vietnam’s largest exporting partner. Furthermore, the two countries relationship have expanded to the status of cooperation in national security. Vietnam, which has stood in the hegemony conflict between the two big countries, there is no choice but to take a ‘hedging’ that must win economic benefits. In order to promote the peaceful development of the national economy, Vietnam has taken a risk-taking strategy that minimizes the emergence of conflicts in the South China Sea, expanding of economic influence from China is actively accepted. In other words, maintaining a close relationship with China is a way to avoid military conflicts in the South China Sea. Also, due to the necessity of an indirect balance of the South China Sea, Vietnam will require sustained military cooperation with the United States, Japan, India and Russia. In terms of economic pragmatism, Vietnam will aggressively participate in communication with China and will participate in institutionalization of relations to embrace limited economic gains from China. Compared with Laos and Cambodia, which are the two countries taking a bandwagoning strategies against China, Vietnam can lag behind securing economic benefits from china. But economic bandwagoning strategy of Vietnam to Japan and the United States will stil...

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