This study set out to analyze the components and logical structures of the vitalization policy for private rental housing from 2011∼2018 by applying the program logic model. The study compared the outcomes of the policy with its original goals and a...
This study set out to analyze the components and logical structures of the vitalization policy for private rental housing from 2011∼2018 by applying the program logic model. The study compared the outcomes of the policy with its original goals and assessed its effectiveness with a focus on officetels (quasi-dwelling). The study also proposed policy development directions for the stable housing of people through a total analysis and evaluation of the policy that was implemented for approximately seven years.
In South Korea, the government has implemented rental housing policies and provided public rental housing to stabilize people's housing. The focus was, however, placed on plans based on the public nature of private rental housing due to the financial limitations of the government, soaring lease and monthly rent prices, and high dependence on the private sector in the lease market. The outcome was the "vitalization policy for private rental housing" to induce the registration of private rental houses outside the system and facilitate the supply of new ones.
In this study, the research scope was set as follows to analyze the effectiveness of the policy: the content scope focused on private rental housing of various rental housing types and on reduction of housing expenses of housing stabilization effects to examine the policy's effects on the stabilization of housing in private rental housing advocated by the government. Especially, the focus was on officetels, a major type of dwelling for one- or two-person households downtown. The time scope spanned from 2011 when the registration of officetels as private rental housing began with the all-out implementation of the policy to 2018 when the keynote of the policy began to change. The time scope was further segmented into the introduction stage (2011∼2013), expansion stage (2014∼2016), and peak stage (2017∼2018) based on major policies to analyze the effectiveness of the policy. The space scope encompassed all the private rental housing around the nation. Based on the literature study method, the investigator analyzed research reports by government agencies and objective data from the National Statistical Office.
In an effort to analyze the effectiveness of the policy, the study built a program logic model based on the government's press releases and analyzed each component and their causal relations. Using data, the study then analyzed the effects of the policy with a focus on its production and outcomes. In the aspect of production, the policy generated considerable effects with the skyrocketing registrations of private rental housing following the implementation of the policy. This rising trend was more prominent in officetels, which settled down as a major type of small-sized private rental housing. In the aspect of outcome, the lease and monthly rent prices of officetels were stabilized during this policy, which contributed to the housing stabilization of one- or two-person households downtown. In case of apartments, the sales, lease, and monthly rent prices soared during the same period. As a result, there are opposing opinions about correlations between the sales prices of apartments and the system of private rental housing.
These findings have the following implications: first, private rental business operators reacted to various kinds of incentives and registered or constructed rental housing the way the government intended. It will be effective for the government to adjust the scope and level of incentives for private rental business operators in need of the registration of private rental housing. There should be segmented policies according to the types of housing for tax benefits; second, the increased supply of registered private rental housing subjected to the upper limits of rent increases had significant effects on the stabilization of housing expenses. It also had noticeable effects on the stabilization of housing with officetels; third, it is needed to push forward segmented policies for private rental housing according to different types of housing. There should be rediscussions about the withdrawal of incentives for private rental housing due to the controversy over the side effects of apartments despite the confirmed effects of the policy for officetels; finally, the government should show private rental business operators a consistent policy keynote over a long period of time to ensure the trust and effectiveness of its policies.
The present study holds its significance in the following aspects: unlike most previous studies on vitalization plans for private rental housing, the study conducted a total analysis of the policy in the long run as well as short-term results for the housing stability of people. It also included the administration of President Moon Jae-in in its time scope to figure out the flow of vitalization policies for private rental housing and conduct a total analysis of them.
Despite its significance, the study has its share of limitations: first, the study did not take into consideration various factors, such as economic conditions, interest rates, and debt ratio even though the real estate indexes are under their influence; secondly, it did not test the real effects of the policy on its beneficiaries in the aspect of methodology. In the future, there should be additional research on the effects of the vitalization policy for private rental housing on the housing stability of people through empirical analysis.