1894년 `동도(東徒)`의 농민전쟁 참여와 그 성격 = The Donghak members(`Dongdo/東徒`)` joining of the Peasantry war in 1894, and the nature of their participation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 1894, people had their own reasons and standards for choosing to join the Peasantry war. And after joining the war, they continued to justify many of their `illegal` actions they committed in the midst of it. They tried to create a new world through their own actions. And they have been shaping their reasons and a logic of justification through the `Donghak(東學)` movement. A movement that continued in the 1890s to restore the honor of the Donghak founder, stirred up a controversy over the issue of whether Donghak was heretical or not. Through this movement the Donghak followers refused to acknowledge Confucianism as the sole bearer of philosophical absoluteness. They moved fast and seized national issues such as `Abolish the violence and save the people(除暴救民)`, or `Reject the Japanese and the Westerners in general(斥倭洋)`, and in the process they succeeded in tapping into the social and political agendas of the time. With such moves, Donghak was able to establish certain `primary units` called `Pojeob/包接` in local areas and communities, and eventually form a social network of their own, which later enabled them to stage organized resistance against enemies. Later, a national crisis in which the Japanese invaded the Gyeongbok( gung palace, and the government`s suggestion of `Jibgang Chajeong(appointment of Jibgang authorities)` which was devised to settle down the peasantry army, especially solidified the Donghak`s dominance over political and social issues and values. In every village, Donghak continued to recruit new members through `Seoljeob(設接)` gatherings, and anyone could be part of Donghak and become a Dohin(道人) figure by only going through a brief interview process called `Ibdo(入道)`. Through this process, the public got to participate in a social network called Pojeob, and also participate in the Peasantry war that was waged under the cause of bringing `righteousness(義)` to the world, by abolishing violence and saving the people, and rejecting the Japanese and the Westerners in general. The peasantry soldiers who took control of the local communities, the place of living for everyone, referred to themselves as Dohin, and justified their actions as fulfilling their solemn duties to bring righteousness to the world. As guardians to execute righteousness, they intervened in the social and economic operations of local regions, and carried out public functions that were previously assumed by the local officials. They also negated the authority and status of the ruling Yangban class, by putting on attires of a Dohin, acting like a Dohin, and speaking like a Dohin themselves. They also classified Dohin figures and Sogin(俗人) figures in local communities, and granted the peasantry soldiers with an exclusive rank and power. By doing so they denied the authority of the local prefects and Sajok figures. Based upon the efforts of the peasantry soldiers, they intended to create a new world, in which people enjoy a new kind of relationship, where Dohin figures occupying equal bases, would respect each other and help each other.