Proteomic Analysis of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) Subjected to Herbicides Combined with Wood and Rice Vinegar : 제초제와 목초액 및 왕초액 혼용처리 에 따른 피(Echinochloa crusgalli)의 단백체 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry analysis was used to examine the effect of four herbicides namely: Bentazone + Cyhalofop- butyl (BCB) and Butachlor + Clomazone (BUC), Halosulfuron-methyl + Mefenacet + Thiobencarb (HMMT) and Thiobencarb alone (THB), wood vinegar and rice hull vinegar on a weed species barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) at the proteome level. Treatments included recommended rate (RR: 100%), half recommended rate (HRR: 50%), HRR combined with different wood vinegar (WV) and rice vinegar (RV) concentrations: 1 ml WV/RV per 100, 250 and 500 ml of water and Control or Untreated. Sampling for proteomic analysis was done 3 days and 7 days after the treatment (DAT) of liquid herbicides and solid herbicides, respectively. To support the study’s results parameters height and weight (fresh and dry) were also measured.
Examination of 2-D maps derived from barnyard grass leaf tissues revealed the presence of 62 spots displaying a differential expression pattern, out of which 32 were identified. Observed pH ranges from 4-7.5. In detail, proteins which were observed in all the treatments include 60 kDa jasmonate protein and Chaperonin CPN60-2, mitochondrial, which play important roles in plant defense and in the facilitation of the correct folding of imported proteins respectively. The down regulation of four proteins (spot numbers 9, 10, 13 and 14) was observed in almost all of the herbicide treated plant samples.
The shortest plant height was obtained by the grass treated with BCB 50 + 100 WV mix; 5.0 cm followed by BUC 100 in the case of liquid herbicides and highest plant height was observed in the untreated grass, as expected. In the case of solid herbicides, HMMT 50 + 250 WV mix was lowest at 6.50. Lowest fresh weight was observed in BCB 100 at 0.062g. In the case of solid herbicides it was lowest at HMMT 50 + 250 RV mix: 0.201g. In terms of dry weight, lowest value was detected in BCB 50 + 100 RV mix: 0.022g, for liquid herbicides treated. As with solid herbicides, lowest dry weight was attained by HMMT 50 + 250 RV mix. Protein content showed great variations on treatment effects. Generally, samples treated with BUC showed lower protein contents, and it was lowest in BUC 50% + 100 WV mix, With regard to solid herbicides, HMMT 50%+ 100 RV mix showed the lowest amount.
Overall, the treatments BCB 50 + 100 WV mix HMMT 50 + 250 RV were most effective in controlling barnyard grass across all parameters analyzed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 실험은 제초제와 목초액 및 왕초액 혼용처리에 따른 피의 변화 양상을 proteome level에서 알아보고자 실시하였다. 사용?? 제초제는 경엽처리제 Bentazone + Cyhalofop- butyl (BCB)와 Butachlor + Clomazone (BUC), 그리고 토양처리제 Halosulfuron-methyl + Mefenacet + Thiobencarb (HMMT)와 Thiobencarb alone (THB)를 사용하였으며, 처리방법은 기준시용 100%, 기준시용 50%, 기준시용 50%와 목초액 (wood vinegar, WV) 및 왕초액 (rice vinegar, RV)을 100, 250, 500배액을 혼합하여 무처리와 비교하였다. 시료는 경엽처리제는 처리 후 3일, 토양처리제는 처리 후7일에 각각 채취하여2-DE 이미지 ?씔?에 이용하였으며, 또?? 피의 초장과 생체중, 건물중, 단백질 함량을 조사하였다.
pH 4-7.5 2-DE 이미지에서 62개의 spot 중 32개를 동정하였다. 모든 처리구에 60 kDa jasmonate protein과 Chaperonin CPN60-2, mitochondrial이 검출되었는데, 이들은 각각 plant defense와 correct protein folding에 관여??다. 그리고 대부?씬? 제초제 처리구에서 spot number 9, 10, 13, 14이 검출되었다. 초장은 경엽처리제의 경우 BCB50 + 100WV 처리구에서 5.0 cm, 토양처리제의 경우는 HMMT 50% + 250 WV 처리구에서 6.50 cm로 가장 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 생체중에서는 BCB 100%와 HMMT 50% + 250 RV 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 건물중 조사에서는 경엽처리 시에는 BCB 50% + 250 RV 처리구에서 토양처리 시에는 HMMT 50% + 250 RV 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 단백질 함량은 일반적으로 BUC 처리구에서 낮은 단백질 함량을 보였고, BUC 50% + 100 WV 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 토양처리제에서는 HMMT 50% + 100 RV 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이런 결과로 볼 때, 경엽처리제는 BCB 50% + 100 WV 처리구가, 토양처리제는 HMMT 50% + 250WV 처리구가 피를 방제하는데 가장 효과적이었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. Introduction.............................1
• II. Materials and Methods...................3
• III. Results and Discussion................12
• IV. References.............................33
• V. Abstract (English)......................37
• VI. Abstract (Korean)......................38