미혼모 발생 요인 분석 : 미혼모집단과 비교집단을 중심으로 = (An) Analysis on Factors the Growth of Unmarried Mother

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대 사회는 정치, 문화, 사회, 경제 등 여러 측면에서 더욱 다원화되고 있고 복합성을 지니고 있어서 이를 해결하기 위한 접근법도 다양해지고 있다. 이와 같은 사회의 변화는 여러 가지 사회문제를 증폭시키고 있으며 이 가운데 미혼모를 둘러싼 사회문제는 중요한 관심의 대상이 되고있다. 그 이유는 미혼모가 계속 증가하고 있으며 단순히 미혼모 개인적인 것에 그치는 것이 아니라 혼외자의 증가, 그들의 부적응으로 인해 사회에 미치는 불건전한 영향, 성도덕의 하락과 더불어 건전한 사회집단에서 구비되어야 할 조건에 상반되는 요소들을 지니고 있기 때문이다.
본 연구에서는 미혼모집단과 비교집단을 대상으로 구조화된 조사표를 활용하여 면접조사를 실시하였다. 미혼모는 일반적 특성, 가족배경, 자아정체감, 친구관계, 성태도, 성지식, 임신경험, 미혼부와의 관계, 학교·직장과의 관계, 복지서비스 대책등의 영역에 대하여 조사하였다. 비교집단은 미혼모집단과의 비교에 초점을 두었고, 일반적 특성, 가족배경, 자아정체감, 친구관계, 성태도, 성지식등의 영역에 관해 조사하였다.
연구결과 미혼모의 연령이 더 낮아졌고, 미혼모가족의 소득, 부모의 교육정도, 부모의 직업지위 등은 대체로 낮다. 미혼모의 성태도 및 성행동은 개방적인 편이나 크게 두드러지지는 않았으며 그들 대부분은 아기의 입양을 원하였고 미혼모가 겪는 가장 큰 문제는 심리적 문제로 나타났다.
미혼모와 혼외자에 대한 처우는 개별사회의 종교, 도덕, 관습 등에 기초한 일반적인 태도와 그 사회의 복지제도유형에 의해 결정된다.
이들에 대한 우리 나라 사회복지 차원에서의 서비스는 입양서비스가 주를 이루고 있는데, 이는 우리 사회의 부정적인 인식으로 대부분의 미혼모가 아기를 양육하는 것을 포기하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 그 외 미미한 정도의 분만보조와 산전산후보호 서비스 등이 전부로써 전체적으로 미혼모 자립을 위한 서비스나 경제적 지원 등의 실질적인 서비스는 부족하며, 기존의 서비스들도 각 영역별로 분산되어 단편적으로 실시되고 있는 실정이다.
현재 외국에서는 아기를 데리고 등교하는 등 어린 미혼모들이 직접 아기를 양육하는 경우가 늘고 있다.
미혼모에 대한 법제, 복지제도, 서비스, 사회 계몽적인 면 등 모든 면에서 적절한 방안이 모색되어야 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

An Analysis on Factors the Growth of unmarried Mother
Now, the world is getting multipolrization in the fields of politics, culture, society, and economy. Moreover, it is becoming more complicated. So, it is highly required to have multiple means to solve various kinds of problems which are emerging from it. And according to the rapid growth of the society, the juvenile problems, family problems, and the unmarried mother problems are becoming very important socal issues.
The unmarried mother has been a taboo topic in Korean society. Only in recent years has the unmarried mother been recognized as an important issue for social policy. Ever since 1990s, the number of unmarried mothers has risen sharply by almost 50% a year, and their manifold impact on society become more and more serious.
As time goes by, the unmarried mother problems are increasing in every society throughout the world. This present trend is the problems of not only the woman herself but it is the problems of the whole society because it has bad influence, low moral value on sex, and the opposing component in building a healthy society.
The problem lies in the fact that not only do unmarried mothers suffer from guilt feelings and severe emotional crisis, but also their illegitimate children bring about other social burden like orphans, juvenile delinquents and broken homes.
Yet there is little in previous studies that gives full attention to the unmarried mother's issue. Moreover, both government and private agencies have neglected to deal with the unmarried mother's problems, limiting social services strictly to the adoption counseling. Even now there is no legal base to support the rights of the unmarried mother and her child.
In this study, we considered two groups of people. One is the above mentioned unmarried mothers group, and the other is its comparative group. To make this study mire accurate, we interviewed both groups with carefully designed survey paper. In one group, we examined their general characteristics, family background, self-identification, friendship, sexual behavior, knowledge of sex, experience of being pregnant, their situation at school, and social position - especially at their work place. And in the other group, we also examined their general characteristics, family background, self-identification, friendship, sexual behavior, knowledge on sex, and in addition, the interview for this group was focused on the comparison with the group of unmarried mothers.
The hypotheses of the study are as follows :
1. The less stable her self-identity, the higher the incidence will be.
2. The less available the contraceptive aids, the higher the incidence will be.
3. The more permissive the sex attitude of the unmarried mother, the higher the incidence will be.
4. The more permissive the sex attitude of the peer group, the higher the incidence will be.
5. The more negative the bringing-up attitude of the parents, the higher the incidence will be.
6. The more restrictive the sex attitude of the parents, the higher the incidence will be.
7. The lower the income level of the family, the higher the incidence will be.
These seven hypotheses were analyzed by T-Test and Cross-Tabulation, and five of them were verified ; Hypothesis 4 and Hypothesis 7 were not verified.
This point of view I can assume three basic premises. First, social policy for unmarried mothers should be focused on approaches to prevention. Second, an enlargement of the existing welfare system is far more realistic than the establishment of new laws or systems. Finally, it is desirable to abolish the inequality in welfare benefits which discriminate against the unmarried mother in favor of the married mother.
The result of this study shows that the average age of unmarried women, family income, educational level of their parents, and social status of their parents are in the lower stage. The unmarried mothers' sexual behaviors and attitudes are somewhat open, but not conspicuous. Most of them wanted their children to be adopted. their psychological stress is the most common problem that they have.
the way of treatment for the unmarried mothers and their children depends on the general attitude toward them and the type of social welfare system, which are based on religion, morality, and social custom.
The main service to take care of them is an adoption program. The negative prejudice which is prevailing over society makes most unmarried mothers give up their children. Another services are a poor childbirth assistance, and an after-parturition clinic. as a whole, we are short of practical services to help the unmarried mothers become independent, and to provide economic support.
Even the existing services are not linked together but simply divided into inefficient ways.
Recently, in other countries, the number of young unmarried mothers who are taking care off their own children are increasing. They even go to school with their children.
It is required to have such proper ways as legal protection, welfare system, various kinds of caring services, and social education to support these unmarried mothers.