A Simple Method to Determine Amino Acid Leakage and Germination Capabilities from Single Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Seeds

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The viability of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis ) seeds were evaluated using a seed leachate treated ninhydrin reagent that develops color from amino acid leakage. Three different cultivars of artificially aged radish and Chinese cabbage seeds were used for this purpose. The radish and Chinese cabbage seeds were individually soaked in distilled water and treated with the ninhydrin reagent. A clearly distinct purple color was observed for the treated seed leachate, with intensities that varied depending on the seed quality. Depending on the intensity, the color could be classified into four separate fractions: colorless, weak, medium or strong. Color absorbance values were classified into 9 fractions for radish seeds and 11 fractions for Chinese cabbage seeds. Subsequently, a germination test was performed with the seeds in any given fraction (classified by color intensity and absorbance) and correlations between germination and color intensity or absorbance were evaluated.
In a test of three cultivars of artificially aged radish and Chinese cabbage seeds, the relationship between percent germinated and color intensity appeared to have a very high negative correlation in linear regression, with r2 = 0.97for radish seeds and r2 = 0.95 for Chinese cabbage seeds. Similarly, the relationship between the percent germinated and the absorbance had a high negative correlation, with r2 = 0.90 for radish seeds and r2 = 0.94 for Chinese cabbage seeds. In conclusion, the simple detection of amino acid leakage with ninhydrin reagent was successful at assessing individual seed quality, as high correlations between germination and color intensity/absorbance were revealed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Peske, S.T., "pH of seed exudates as a rapid physiological quality test" 22 : 641-644, 1994

2 Abdul-Baki, A.A., "Viability and leaching of sugar from germinating barley" 10 : 31-34, 1970

3 Hendricks, S.B., "Variation in germination and amino acid leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase change" 58 : 7-11, 1976

4 Zheng, X., "The relationship between exudate and vigor of vegetable seeds" 18 : 143-147, 1991

5 Khan, A. A, "The physiology and biochemistry of seed development, dormancy and germination" Elsevier 465-485, 1982

6 Helmer, J. D., "Some indices of vigor and deterioration in seeds of crimson clover" 52 : 154-161, 1962

7 Association Official Seed Analysts (AOSA), "Seedling evaluation handbook" Seedling Evaluation Committee of the AOSA 1992

8 Priestley, D. A., "Seed ageing implications for seed storage and persistence in the soil" Comstock Publishing Associates 1986

9 Matthews, S., "Relationship between seed exudation and field emergence in pea and French beans" 8 : 89-93, 1968

10 Sundstrom, F. J., "Relationship between laboratory indices of hot pepper seed vigor and crop greenhouse performance" 14 : 705-714, 1986

11 Takayanagi, K., "Rapid germinability test with exudate from seed" 218 : 493-494, 1968

12 Ching, T.M., "Physiological and chemical differences in aged seeds" 8 : 407-409, 1968

13 Anderson, J. D., "Physiological and biochemical differences in deteriorating barley seed" 10 : 36-39, 1970

14 Parrish, D.J., "On the mechanism of aging in soybean seeds" 67 : 365-368, 1978

15 International Seed Testing Association, "International rules for seed testing: Rules 1985" 13 : 356-513, 1985

16 Verma, V.D., "Genetics of electrical conductivity on soybean" 15 : 125-134, 1987

17 민태기, "Detection of Ethanol Released from Aged Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Seeds Using Resazurin" 한국원예학회 53 (53): 66-71, 2012

18 Beresniewicz, M. M., "Chemical nature of a semipermeable layer in seed coats of leek, onion (Liliaceae), tomato and pepper (Solanaceae)" 23 : 135-145, 1995

19 Taylor, A. G., "Amino acid leakage from aged vegetable seeds" 23 : 113-122, 1995

20 Starcher, B., "A ninhydrin-based assay to quantitate the total protein content of tissue samples" 292 : 125-129, 2001

21 민태기, "A Simple, Quick and Nondestructive Method for Brassicaceae Seed Viability Measurement with Single Seed Base Using Resazurin" 한국원예학회 52 (52): 240-245, 2011