창의적 음악치료프로그램이 여성청소년의 자아존중감, 회복탄력성, 진로성숙도에 미치는 효과 = The Effect of Creative Music Therapy Program on Self-Esteem, Resilience and Career Maturity of Female Adolescents

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간은 누구나 행복하고 보람 있는 삶을 추구하는 존재이다. 행복한 삶은 즐거운 기분을 느끼면서 자신의 일에 몰입하여 삶의 의미를 발견할 수 있을 때 진정한 행복을 느낄 수 있으며, 자연스럽게 성공이 따라 오게 된다. 건강한 성인으로 행복한 삶을 실현하기 위하여 청소년기부터 자신의 적성과 흥미를 파악하고 이를 효과적으로 활용하여 긍정적인 변화를 창출한 자아실현과 주변을 돕는 이타실천의 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요하다.
본 연구는 여성청소년의 자아실현을 이루고, 열정적으로 몰입하는 내재적 동기가 강한 사람으로 성장을 지원하고, 적성과 흥미에 맞는 진로방향을 제시하기 위하여 프로그램을 구성하고 개발하였다.
본 연구의 목적은 창의적 음악치료 프로그램을 실시하여 여성청소년의 자아존중감, 회복탄력성, 진로성숙도에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위함이다. 특히 이타실천으로 음악치료 전문봉사활동에서 재교육을 실시하여 자아존중감, 회복탄력성, 진로성숙도의 시너지 효과가 증가되고, 카타르시스를 경험하도록 하였다.
본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울시에 소재한 A여자고등학교에서 실험집단 30명과 통제집단 30명을 선정하여 2019년 4월 5일∼10월 25일 동아리 학생을 대상으로 12회기에 걸쳐 창의적 음악치료 프로그램을 진행하였다.
분석은 SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 신뢰도 분석, 빈도분석, 동질성 검증을 하였으며 프로그램의 효과성 검증을 위해 독립표본 t-검증을 실시하였다. 또한 질적 분석에서는 프로그램의 회기별 활동지와 만족도 조사, 표준화된 검사결과를 분석하기 위해 MBTI, 홀랜드흥미검사를 진행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 창의적 음악치료 프로그램은 자아존중감의 하위요인 중, 일반적 자아존중감과 학교의 자아존중감에 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다.
질적 분석에서도 여성청소년의 적극적인 참여와 표현력 향상 및 성공적인 활동경험을 통하여 자아존중감에 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다.
둘째, 창의적 음악치료 프로그램은 회복탄력성의 하위요인 중, 원인분석력과 충동통제력, 감정통제력, 생활만족도, 낙관성, 의사소통능력, 공감능력에 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다. 질적 분석에서도 성공적인 음악 활동의 상호교류와 음악치료 전문봉사활동에서 즉흥연주를 통하여 감정을 표출하고 긍정 에너지를 흡수하며 연주할수록 의사소통이 더 잘 되는 등 시너지 효과가 극대화되고 카타르시스를 경험하였다.
셋째, 창의적 음악치료 프로그램은 진로성숙도의 하위요인 중, 진로계획성, 자기지식, 진로행동에 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다. 질적 분석에서도 진로를 시각적으로 표현하고 미래에 대하여 진지하게 생각하는 등 자기지식과 진로계획성, 진로행동에서 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다.
넷째, 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 참여 전과 후에 실험집단의 여성청소년은 회복탄력성과 진로성숙도에서 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다. 음악치료를 통하여 즐거움을 느끼고 문제에 부닥쳐도 극복할 수 있을 것이라는 자신감을 가질 수 있었으며, 음악치료 과정에서 선생님의 지도는 진로를 생각하게 하는 계기가 되기도 하였다.
다섯째, 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 참가여부에 따라 실험집단과 통제 집단의 여성청소년을 비교분석한 결과 가정의 자아존중감, 원인분석력, 의사소통능력, 공감능력, 진로성숙도, 자기지식의 사후 점수에 정(+)의 효과가 나타났다. 또한 사회적 자아존중감과 가정의 자아존중감은 시간이 지나면서 자연스럽게 감소하는데, 이를 유지하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 창의적 음악치료 프로그램이 다양한 범위에서 정(+)의 효과가 있음을 증명하였다.
본 연구는 여성청소년의 행복한 삶의 실현을 위하여 자아실현과 이타실천의 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 창의적 음악치료 프로그램의 유용성을 입증하는데 의미가 있다. 특히 음악치료 전문봉사활동을 통하여 진로 체험활동의 연계가 되었다는데 의의를 찾을 수 있다.
창의적 음악치료 프로그램은 사회문제 해결 및 예방적 차원에서도 학교, 청소년 수련관, 청소년 상담센터, 비행 청소년의 교정복지 등 청소년을 대상으로 하는 프로그램에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ··························································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ······························································1
• 2. 연구범위 및 구성 ········································································5
• 3. 연구문제························································································6
• 4. 용어정의························································································7
• 가. 여성청소년 ·············································································7
• 나. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램·················································8
• 다. 자아존중감 ·············································································8
• 라. 회복탄력성 ·············································································9
• 마. 진로성숙도·············································································9
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ··········································································10
• 1. 청소년 ··························································································10
• 가. 청소년의 개념·····································································10
• 나. 청소년의 발달 이론 ···························································13
• 다. 청소년의 발달 특성 ···························································16
• 라. 청소년 대상 음악치료·······················································21
• 2. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램······················································23
• 가. 음악치료의 개념·································································23
• 나. 음악치료의 이론적 근거···················································26
• 다. 음악치료의 모델·································································29
• 라. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 ·············································35
• 마. 음악치료 프로그램의 선행연구·······································48
• 3. 자아존중감··················································································51
• 가. 자아존중감의 개념 ···························································51
• 나. 자아존중감의 구성요인·····················································54
• 다. 음악치료와 자아존중감·····················································56
• 라. 자아존중감의 선행연구·····················································58
• 4. 회복탄력성··················································································62
• 가. 회복탄력성의 개념 ·····························································62
• 나. 회복탄력성의 구성요인·····················································67
• 다. 음악치료와 회복탄력성·····················································70
• 라. 회복탄력성의 선행연구·····················································71
• 5. 진로성숙도··················································································75
• 가. 진로성숙도의 개념 ·····························································75
• 나. 진로발달 이론적 근거·······················································77
• 다. 진로성숙도의 구성요인·····················································84
• 다. 음악치료와 진로성숙도·····················································87
• 라. 진로성숙도의 선행연구·····················································88
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ················································································92
• 1. 연구대상 ····················································································92
• 2. 연구설계 ····················································································93
• 3. 연구절차 ····················································································93
• 가. 자료 조사단계······································································94
• 나. 구성단계················································································95
• 다. 실행단계················································································96
• 라. 평가단계················································································97
• 3. 연구모형 및 가설 ······································································98
• 가. 연구모형···············································································98
• 나. 연구가설···············································································99
• 4. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램····················································101
• 가. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 목적 ································101
• 나. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 구성 ··································102
• 5. 측정도구····················································································105
• 가. 자아존중감 ·········································································106
• 나. 회복탄력성 ·········································································107
• 다. 진로성숙도·········································································108
• 6. 분석 방법··················································································109
• Ⅳ-1. 연구결과(양적분석) ·····················································110
• 1. 인구통계학적 특성 분석·······················································110
• 2. 신뢰도 검사·············································································114
• 3. 사전 동질성 검사 ····································································115
• 4. 연구가설 검증결과··································································117
• 가. 가설 검증 ··········································································117
• 나. 가설 검증 결과································································125
• Ⅳ-2 연구결과(질적분석) ····················································129
• 1. 연구 참여자··············································································129
• 2. 단계별 변화 분석····································································130
• 가. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 1단계(1∼2회기: 자기지
• 식) ······················································································130
• 나. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 2단계(4회기: 진로태도) ····· 139
• 다. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 3단계( 5∼6회기: 진로계
• 획) ······················································································142
• 라. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 4단계 (8회기: 진로행동) ···· 148
• 마. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 5단계(10∼11회기: 독립
• 성) ······················································································152
• 3. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램 회기별 내담자 변화과정······ 155
• 가. 교내 동아리 프로그램 만족도 조사····························156
• 나. 교외동아리 활동(음악치료전문봉사)만족도 조사······ 157
• Ⅴ. 논의 ······················································································159
• 1. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램이 여성청소년의 자아존중감에
• 미치는 효과에 대한 논의·····················································159
• 2. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램이 여성청소년의 회복탄력성에
• 미치는 효과에 대한 논의·····················································162
• 3. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램이 여성청소년의 진로성숙도에
• 미치는 효과에 대한 논의·····················································163
• 4. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램의 참여 전과 후에 여성 청소년
• 의 자아존중감, 회복탄력성, 진로성숙도의 차이에 대한 논
• 의································································································165
• 5. 창의적 음악치료 프로그램의 참가여부에 따른 여성청소년
• 의 자아존중감, 회복탄력성, 진로성숙도의 차이에 대한 논
• 의 ·······························································································166
• Ⅵ. 결론 ······················································································167
• 1. 요약····························································································167
• 2. 제언····························································································170
• 3. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구과제········································171
• 참고문헌 ·····················································································173
• ABSTRACT ·············································································192
• 부록 ·····························································································196