쌀 배아와 흑미 미강 색소 첨가 배아젤리가 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐의 지질대사와 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Rice Embryo and Embryo Jelly with Black Rice Bran Pigment on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated the effect of rice embryo and embryo jelly with black rice bran pigment on lipid
metabolism and antioxidant activity. Thirty 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high
cholesterol diets supplemented with 15% rice embryo and 25% embryo jelly added black rice bran
pigment, respectively, for 6 weeks. Plasma and hepatic lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and the
activity of antioxidant scavenger enzymes in liver were examined. Supplementation with rice
embryo and embryo jelly had no effect on food intakes in high cholesterol-fed rats. The plasma
triglyceride concentration was not significantly different among the groups. Supplementation with
rice embryo and embryo jelly resulted in lower plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentration
and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC ratio and atherogenic index compared
to the control group, while the plasma HDL-C concentration tended to elevated. Rice embryo and
embryo jelly tended to lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
than the control group. Moreover, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase
and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly higher in the rice embryo and embryo jelly
groups. In conclusion, rice embryo and embryo jelly was very effective in improving the lipid
metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by up-regulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high
cholesterol-fed rats.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated the effect of rice embryo and embryo jelly with black rice bran pigment on lipid
metabolism and antioxidant activity. Thirty 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high
cholesterol diets supplemented with 15% rice embryo and 25% embryo jelly added black rice bran
pigment, respectively, for 6 weeks. Plasma and hepatic lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and the
activity of antioxidant scavenger enzymes in liver were examined. Supplementation with rice
embryo and embryo jelly had no effect on food intakes in high cholesterol-fed rats. The plasma
triglyceride concentration was not significantly different among the groups. Supplementation with
rice embryo and embryo jelly resulted in lower plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentration
and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC ratio and atherogenic index compared
to the control group, while the plasma HDL-C concentration tended to elevated. Rice embryo and
embryo jelly tended to lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
than the control group. Moreover, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase
and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly higher in the rice embryo and embryo jelly
groups. In conclusion, rice embryo and embryo jelly was very effective in improving the lipid
metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by up-regulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high
cholesterol-fed rats.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이재준, "연근이 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향" 한국식품저장유통학회 13 (13): 634-642, 2006

2 Lee, W. C., "The study on the functional materials and effects of mulberry leaf. Food Sci" 36 : 2-14, 2003

3 Chisolm, G. M., "The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: an overview. Free Radical Biol" 28 : 1815-1826, 2000

4 Paglia, P. E., "Studies on quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin" 70 : 158-169, 1967

5 Hulcher, F. H., "Simplified spectrophotometric assay for microsomal 3-hydroxyl-3- methylglutaryl CoA reductase by measurement of coenzyme A. J" 14 : 625-637, 1973

6 Hodis, H. N., "Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake reduce progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis" 273 : 1849-1854, 1995

7 Muramoto, G., "Rice protein and antihypertensive peptide (angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitor) from rice" 34 : 18-26, 1991

8 Wilson, T. A., "Rice bran oil and oryzanol reduce plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and aortic cholesterol ester accumulation to a greater extent than ferulic acid in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J. Nutr" 18 : 105-112, 2007

9 Marklund, S., "Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J" 47 : 469-474, 1974

10 Castelli, W. P., "Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels, the Framingham study" 256 : 2835-2838, 1986

11 Rana, P., "In vivo antioxidant potential of rice bran oil (RBO) in albino rats. Indian J. Physiol" 48 : 428-436, 2004

12 Nam, S. H., "In vitro inhibitory effectof colored rice bran extracts carcinogenicity. Agri" 40 : 307-312, 1997

13 Retiman, S., "In Method of enzymatic analysis" Academic Press 1975

14 Balkan, J., "Improving effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the oxidative stress and lipid levels in the plasma, liver and aorta of rabbits fed on a highcholesterol diet" 66 : 1755-1758, 2002

15 Minhajuddin M., "Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of tocotrienol rich fraction isolated from rice bran oil in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats. Food Chem" 43 : 747-753, 2005

16 Britton, C., "Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organ. Physiol" 59 : 527-605, 1979

17 Addis, P. B., "Free radicals and Food additives" Taylor and Francis 1991

18 Lauer, R. M., "Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels. The Muscatine study" 82 : 309-318, 1988

19 Friedewald, W. T., "Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge" 18 : 499-502, 1972

20 Mantha, S. V., "Effects of probucol on hyper cholesterolemia-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes" 58 : 503-509, 1996

21 Igarashi, K., "Effects of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin and quercetin on the concentrations of cholesterol and lipoperoxide in the serum and liver and on the blood and liver antioxidative enzyme activities or rats. Biosci. Biotechnol" 59 : 595-601, 1995

22 Kim, Y. E., "Effects of green tea, buckwheat and grape leaves extracts on lipid metabolism antioxidative capacity, and antithrombotic activity in rats fed high cholesterol diets. Korean J. Food Sci" 36 : 979-985, 2004

23 Lee, J. M., "Effect of seeds extract of Paeonia Lactiflora on antioxidative system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed highcholesterol diet. Kor" 36 : 793-800, 2003

24 Kahlon, T. S., "Effect of rice bran and oat bran on plasma cholesterol in hamsters" 34 : 768-774, 1989

25 Razdan, A., "Effect of chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentration in broiler chickens. Br" 72 : 277-288, 1994

26 Gerhardt, A. L., "Effect of a processed medium grain rice bran and germ product on hypercholesterolemia. Am. Assoc" Cereal Chemists Annual Meeting 1989

27 Sharrett, A. R., "Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL density subfractions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study" 104 : 1108-1113, 2001

28 Nam, S. H., "Comparison of effect of rice bran extracts of the colored rice cultivars on carcinogenesis" 41 : 78-83, 1998

29 Aebi, H., "Catalase. In Method of Enzymatic Analysis" Academic Press 673-684, 1974

30 Thurnham, D. I., "Carotenoids: functions and fallacies" 53 : 77-87, 1994

31 Ohkawa, H., "Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction" 95 : 351-358, 1979

32 Del Boccio, G., "Aortic antioxidant defence mechanisms: time-related changes in cholesterol-fed rabbits" 81 : 127-135, 1990

33 Tsuda, T., "Antioxidative activity of the anthocyanin pigments cyanidin 3-O-β-Dglucoside and cyanidin" 42 : 2407-2411, 1994

34 Jeon, S. M., "Antioxidative activity of naringin and lovastatin in high cholesterol-fed rabbits" 69 : 2855-2866, 2001

35 Choi, S. W., "Antioxidative activity of ethanolic extracts of rice brans" 5 : 305-309, 1996

36 Serbinova, E. A., "Antioxidant properties of α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol" 234 : 354-366, 1994

37 Noaman, E., "Antioxidant potential by arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3/biobran, represents a mechanism for its oncostatic effect against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Cancer Lett. (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.012"

38 Nam, S. H., "Antioxidant activities of bran extracts from twenty one black rice cultivars" 94 : 613-620, 2006

39 Choi, J. H., "A study on fatty acid pattern in brain and liver tissues of developing chicken embryos" Korea University 1987

40 Folch, J., "A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues" 226 : 197-509, 1957

41 Sale, F. O., "A sensitive enzymatic assay for determination of cholesterol in lipid extracts" 142 : 347-350, 1984