하우프트만의 『쥐떼』와 셰퍼드의 『굶주리는 계층의 저주』: 사회 비평적 운명극 = Hauptmann’s Die Ratten and Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class: Tragedy of Fate as Social Criticism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Hauptmann’s Die Ratten and Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class: Tragedy of Fate as Social CriticismJeoung, HaegapIt is notable that two works from different time and space have something in common, which is first of all the way they use a domestic tragedy as social criticism, on the basis of literary naturalism. In accordance with Zola, the two playwrights, adopting the idea of literature as “practical sociology,” shift tragedy of fate into sociology. Main characters in the works suffering from a tragic fate running in the family struggle to evade the Moebius strip endlessly frustrating them, only to find no solution or synthesis. Since the familial tragedy partly comes out as a result of social causes, remarkably, the two playwrights signifies that the tragic fate is not only domestic, but social. Via the naturalistic fate of main characters, Hauptmann’s Die Ratten criticizes the chaotic German politics under a “chancellor dictatorship” which drives everyone to fight against everyone, while Shepard’s Curse condemns American industrialism towards “zombie society” accelerating the breakdown of the dysfunctional American family.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Adler, Thomas P, "＂Repetition and Regression in Curse of the Starving Class and Buried Child＂ The Cambridge Companion to Sam Shepard" Cambridge UP 111-122, 2002

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6 Emrich, "Soziale Thematik und Formwandlungen des Dramas" 13-27, 1953

7 Shepard,Sam, "Seven Plays" Bantam 1984

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9 Der Deutschunterricht 16, "Literatursoziologische Bemerkungen zu Gerhart Hauptmanns Die Ratten" 70-85, 1964

10 Whiting, "Food and Drink in Shepard's Theatre" 175-83, 1988

11 Hauptmann Gerhart, "Die Kunst des Dramas" Propylaen 1963

12 Hays, "Child Murder and Incest in American Drama" 440-53, 1979

13 Landy, "American Journal of Psychotherapy 44" 563-76, 1990

14 Taav,Michael, "A Body Across the Map: The Father-Son Plays of Sam Shepard" Peter Lang 2000