This study focuses on the widespread use of the term 'hyomyo' (孝猫) in the internet, which connects cats with filial piety (hyo), to understand the changing perceptions of family and filial piety in Korea. Filial piety has historically held an impo...
This study focuses on the widespread use of the term 'hyomyo' (孝猫) in the internet, which connects cats with filial piety (hyo), to understand the changing perceptions of family and filial piety in Korea. Filial piety has historically held an important place in Korean society, but both the category of family and the ethics surrounding the practice of filial piety have changed significantly compared to traditional society. Beyond the nuclear family, the proportion of single-person households has skyrocketed, while pets became new family members. From the Goryeo Dynasty, when cats first appeared in literature, to the present day, they have risen in status and became increasingly part of the family. The phenomenon of cats being referred to as 'hyomyo' provides evidence regarding the place of Confucianism and the changing perception of Confucianism in contemporary Korean society. Therefore, this study collects statements related to 'hyomyo', categorizes them into honor, affection, support, and success, and analyzes specific instances to understand the existence of 'hyomyo'. The results show that filial piety is no longer limited to strict moral obligations between children and parents. Specifically, we found that filial piety can be expressed in milder forms of affection, such as in everyday interactions with pets, as well as in playful remarks. The phenomenon of 'hyomyo' shows both continuity and expansion of the traditional concept of filial piety. In terms of expansion, it is worth noting that the subjects of filial piety have expanded from children to include pets, and that the practice of filial piety has shifted from strict moral obligations to more intimate, everyday interactions. However, filial piety remains the premise behind it, meaning that in terms of continuity, Koreans still recognize filial piety as an expression of mutual respect and affection between family members. This shows that filial piety is at the core of family ethics and serves as a strong pillar in public perception. Filial piety is still an actively used concept today, just evolving with the times. The 'hyomyo' phenomenon represents a cross-section of modern Korean society, where traditional values and modern lifestyles collide and merge. We see this reinterpretation of the concept of filial piety positively, as the meaning of filial piety has expanded, allowing for more inclusive and flexible family relationships. Continued research on the long-term effects of this phenomenon on family relationships and ethics in Korean society is needed, especially, in-depth empirical discussions on the social and ethical implications of the expansion of the concept of filial piety.