우리나라 輸出保險制度에 관한 硏究 = (The) study on export insurance system of Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

I
우리 나라는 第1次 經濟開發 5個年計劃 施行 以來 年平均 30∼40 %의 刮目할 만한 輪出의 伸張을 이룩하여 왔으며 지난해는 우리나라 經濟가 負의 成長이 있음에도 175億弗의 輪出을 達成하는 等 國民經濟의 高度成長基盤을 着實히 다져왔다. 이와 竝行해서 우리나라 經濟의 貿易依存度는 過去 어느 때보다도 크게 增大되었고 政府는 輸出增大를 위하여 부단히 努力하여 왔다.
그것은 從來 信用狀(Letter of Credit) 베이스와 같은 安全한 經濟形態의 輸出外에 D/A 또는 D/P等 短期延拂輸出과 中·長期延長輸出로 轉換하고, 安全地域을 위주로 하여 오던 輸出市場을 開發途上國은 물론 非適性 共産國家까지 多變化시키며 輕工業製品爲主에서 重化學製品爲主로 轉換시키는 等의 努力이 大宗을 이루었다.
이에 政府는 第2次經濟開發 5個年計劃 期間中의 高度成長期에 있어서 總量輸出規模의 急速한 伸長을 圖謀하기 위한 輸出支援策의 一環으로 1969年2月부터 輸出保險制度를 導入·實施하게 되었던 것이다.
現在 輸出保險業務는 政府(商工部)의 代行機關인 韓國輸出入銀行에서 代行하고 있으며, 保險種目은 ①一般輸出保險 ②輸出金融保險 ③輸出어음保險 ④中·長期延拂輸出保險 ⑤委託販賣輸出保險 ⑥海外投資保險 ⑦海外建設工事保險 ⑧輸出保證保險 ⑨輸出代金金融保險等의 9種으로 되어 있다.
II
이러한 韓國輸出保險制度는 內外的인 여러가지 要因으로 因해서 아직도 輸出業界에 널리 利用되지 못하고 있다. 卽 우리나라는 輸出의 地域的 偏在와 L/C爲主의 去來를 해 왔기 때문에 輸出去來上의 危險이 別로 없었고 輸出保險의 歷史가 짧기 때문에 그에 對한 輸出業界의 認識度가 낮다.
制度上으로는 保險料率이나 保險種目面에서 輸出業者의 需要를 喚起시킬 特別誘因이 不足하며 現 輸出環境에 適應할 수 있는 制度的 뒷받침이 未洽하다.
制度運營上으로는 運營技術上의 未熟과 人員不足, 保險事業의 代行에서 오는 官僚的인 無事安逸的 運營姿勢 等에서 起因하여 合理的 運營을 못하고 있는 實情이다.
III
이와같은 問題点을 解決하기 爲한 韓國輸出保險制度의 改善方案은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 現行 輸出支援金融의 融資條件을 緩和하여 信用資出의 比重을 높이고, 輸出保險運營上에 內在하고 있는 各種 問題의 解決을 위해 우선 輸出支援이라는 보다 높은 次元에서 輸出保險을 彈力的으로 運營하여야 할 것이다.
둘째, 輸出保險 基金의 造成을 爲해서는 適期에 適正한 出捐이 保障되어야 할 것이다.
세째, 保險料의 特別割引이나 無事故時 納付保險料中 一定率을 返還하는 것 等의 特別誘因을 提供하고 保險加入의 手續節次를 簡素化해야 할 것이다.
네째, 輸出保險 包括保險의 實施 等 輸出保險事業의 擴充으로 因하여 業務量이 急增함에 따라 業務의 效率性을 圖謀하기 위하여 現機構의 內部統制機能 및 長期的 發展을 爲한 企劃調査業務機能을 아울러 强化하여야 한다.
다섯째, 우리나라의 轉出保險도 보다 支援機能을 强化하고 利用의 活性化를 圖謀하기 위하여 新種保險의 硏究開發에 注力해야 할 뿐 아니라 短期保險에도 包括保險制度를 導入·施行하고 漸次 이를 擴大시켜 나가야 할 것이다.
이밖에도 Berne Union과 같은 輸出保險 協力機構에 積極 參與하면서 各國의 輸出保險의 動向과 運營技法을 迅速히 把握하여 政策에 反映하여야 하겠고 特히 國際入札을 促進시키며 大型프로젝트에의 參與를 돕기 위한 共同保險制度를 圓滑하게 運營할 수 있도록 共同保險協定을 계속 締結해 나가도록 推進하는 等 國際協力事業을 擴大해 나가야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I
In our nation, we have accomplished a recognizable expansion of the exports by average 30 to 40 percent increase per annum, since the enforcement of 5-year Economic Development Plans, and that we have established a sound ground for high economic growth, for example, the accomplishment of 17.5 billion dollars exports in spite of the last year's minus growth of economy. In parallel with this, the nation's degree of dependence upon foreign trade has more increased than ever, and the government gave unlimited efforts to make come true the ambition of export increase.
Such efforts were concentrated not only on the turnaround toward short-term deferred payment export and medium or long-term deferred payment export, such as, D/A or D/P, including the secure export terms in the past like Letter of Credit base ; but also the turnaround toward heavy chemical industrial products from light industrial products, diversifying the range of markets, based on security areas, to non-hostile communist countries and the developing countries as well.
Accordingly, the government enforced the export insurance since February, 1969, as a part of the backing policy toward the export trade to promote the rapid expansion of the total exports scale in a high growth period of the 2nd Economic Development Plan.
The business of the export insurance in Korea is at present conducted by the Export-Import Bank of Korea, an institution on behalf of the Government(Ministry of Commerce and Industry) and the sorts of the insurances are composed of 9 items. And these are as follows ;
(1) General Export Credit Insurance
(2) Export Finance Insurance
(3) Export Bill Insurance
(4) Medium or Long- term Credit Insurance
(5) Consignment Sale Export Credit Insurance
(6) Overseas Investment Insurance
(7) Overseas Constructional Works Insurance
(8) Export Bond Insurance
(9) Buyer Credit Guarantee.
II
The export insurance of this kind, however, has not been utilized widely among the export business circles owing to the various factors, both domestic and foreign. In a word, since the export trade of our country has been maldistributed regionally and dealt in giving the first primacy to the Letter of Credit.
There has been particular danger in doing export business so far, and understanding about export insurance on the part of the export business circles is low owing to the short history of the export insurance in Korea.
In an institutional standpoint, an extraordinary incentive to call exporters' attention has been lacking in the rate of insurance premium and scarcity of insurance item, and also an institutional support is not adaptable enough to the present exporting environments.
Rational performance of the system has been paralysed in the resl circumstances by some factors ; for instance, inexperienced technique of management, shortage of hands, security-based managerial attitudes resulting from the vicarious execution of insurance business and etc..
III
The followings are the plans to remedy the export insurance in Korea to bring these matters to a settlement.
1. There should be, above all, a resilient operation of the export insurance system in a higher dimention like the backing of export, to settle down a variety of problems covert in the course of running the system and to heighten the portion of credit loan by means of alleviating the conditions in the financial system.
2. There should be a safeguard for an appropriate aids at right time in composing the insurance funds.
3. special incentives should be drawn out by discounting an insurance bill or repaying a fixed rate of money out of the insurance bill paid in the case of no accident and so forth, and the necessary steps to the insurance system should be simplified also.
4. There should be the fortification of inner regulative function in the existing system and of the function in the work of researching and planning for a long-range development, to heighten the efficiency of work in accordance with the rapid increase in affairs owing to the expansion of the export insurance business, for example, the enforcement of comprehensive insurance.
5. There should be a devotion to researching and developing new insurance items, to accepting and enforcing comprehensive insurance system in short-term insurance and to broadening it as well, to fortify further the function in backing up export and to promote the utilization of our nation's export insurance system.
Besides, we should quickly comprehend the movement of the export insurance system and the operation techniques in every nation, by participating in the cooperation organization like Berne Union, and should apply them to policies, and especially, should expand the international cnnperation business-the acceleration of international bids, signing of co-insurance commitment to grease the co-insurance system as a hand to help participate in jumbo projects and the like.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• I. 序論 = 4
• 1. 硏究의 目的 = 4
• 2. 硏究의 範圍와 方法 = 6
• II. 輸出保險制度의 槪觀 = 7
• 1. 輸出保險의 變遷 = 7
• 2. 輸出保險의 機느能 및 特性 = 9
• III. 外國의 輸出保險制度 = 13
• 1. 先進諸國 輸出保險制度의 一般的 特性 = 13
• 2. 先進諸國 輸出保險制度의 內容 = 16
• 1) 英國 = 16
• 2) 美國 = 22
• 3) 日本 = 27
• 3. 開發途上諸國 輸出保險制度의 一般的 特性 = 28
• 4. 開發途上諸國 輸出保險制度의 內容 = 31
• 1) 홍콩 = 31
• 2) 파키스탄 = 32
• 3) 이스라엘 = 33
• IV. 우리나라의 輸出保險制度 = 35
• 1. 輸出保險制度의 法規體制 및 改正 = 35
• 2. 導入背景 = 37
• 3. 輸出保險의 運營種目 = 39
• 4. 輸出保險制度의 運營現況 = 57
• 1) 營業實績 = 57
• 2) 基金運營實績 = 66
• 3) 信用調査實績 = 69
• V. 우리나라 輸出保險制度의 問題点과 改善方案 = 73
• 1. 輸出保險制度의 問題点 = 73
• 2. 輸出保險制度의 改善方案 = 81
• VI. 結論 = 90
• 參考文獻 = 95
• 國文抄錄 = 97
• 英文抄錄 = 100