폐기물 재활용에 따른 온실가스 감축량 산정방법론 비교 분석 - 폐지류를 중심으로 - = A Comparative Analysis of Calculation Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Reduction by Waste Recycling - Case Study of Paper Waste -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With a growing concern of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to climate change, many activities and efforts on the greenhouse gas reduction have been implemented in solid waste sectors. Since recycling is the major management option for solid waste in Korea, it is important to estimate the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission during recycling processes. In this study, two common methodologies, Prognos method of EU and waste reduction model (WARM) method of USA, have been critically reviewed and compared to estimate the reduction for recycling of waste paper in terms of system boundary, recycling processes, and emission factors. As a common point of two methodologies, the reduction factors for the paper recycling have been developed by subtracting the recycled product emissions from the virgin product emissions to get the greenhouse gas savings. While the recycling losses and transportation are considered in two methodology development, there are a number of differences between the methodologies in system boundary, transportation distance and forest carbon sequestration. As a result, it caused the difference in final greenhouse gas reduction factor of paper recycling. The reduction factor was −820 kgCO2eq/ton in Prognos method, while −3,891 kgCO2eq/ton was found in the WARM method. When both methods were applied to recycling of waste paper in Korea, the greenhouse gas reductions by the Prognos method and the WARM method were found to be 3,485.2 tCO2eq/day and 2,248.8 tCO2eq/day, respectively. When the carbon sequestration by forest is considered in the WARM method, the reduction rate was estimated to be 16,538.3 tCO2eq/day. The main reasons for such difference can be attributed to system boundary and forest carbon sequestration. Especially, forest carbon sequestration can be an important factor in Korea that usually manufactures papers from imported pulp from abroad. This study implies that the applications and results of both methods to estimate greenhouse gas reduction by waste recycling should carefully reviewed and acknowledged before use due to the different assumptions and results that are anticipated.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 US EPA, "Waste Reduction Model (WARM) Version 13" 2015

2 US EPA, "Using WARM Emission Factors for Materials and Pathways Not in WARM" 2015

3 Joo, H. S., "Study of Waste Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Reduction" Korea Environment Institute 2010

4 Prognos, "Resource Savings and CO2 Reduction Potentials in Waste Management in Europe and the Possible Contribution to the CO2 Reduction Target in 2020" 2008

5 Korea Ministry of Environment, "Report of National Greenhouse Gas Inventory in 2014" 2015

6 Korea Ministry of Environment, "National Statistics of Waste Generation and Treatment in 2013" 2014

7 Yoon, Y. C., "Impacts of Waste Paper Recycling on Greenhouse Emissions" 438-441, 2007

8 Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea (GIR), "GHG Statistics of Korea"

9 Korea Environment Corporation, "Environments Statistics"

10 National Digital Science Library (NDSL), "Cartons emissions and recycling survey"

11 Kim, J. W., "Calculation of greenhouse gas changes by increase of recycling of MSW in Ulsan" 384-385, 2009

12 Kim, K. -Y., "A Study of Greenhouse Reduction Target Goal by Waste Recycling (III)" National Institute of Environmental Research 2012