언론인의 자율성, 소진, 그리고 오보 : 자원 보존 이론과 직무 요구-자원 모형의 적용

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, I explored the features of news organizations related to journalists’ autonomy, burnout, and misinformation. People try to protect and acquire resources valuable to themselves physically and psychologically, thus in situations when they are losing or about to lose the resources, stress or burnout is likely to occur. Based on the conservation of resources theory and the job demands-resources model, four types of organizational characteristics that may influence journalists’ autonomy and burnout were considered: workload, ads-PR-sales work, ideological differences between journalists and news organizations, and the degree to which the news organization performs journalistic roles. I assumed that, for journalists, excessive workload, pressure on promotional work, and the organization’s ideology are job-demands factors or stressors, but that pride in the social roles of their news organization is a valuable resource. Thus, I hypothesized that the job-demands would reduce journalists’ autonomy and increase their burnout. In addition, how the four organizational factors along with autonomy and burnout are related to journalists’ misinformation was investigated. Using secondary data from journalists (N = 1,956) provided by the Korea Press Foundation, a series of regression analyses were conducted. As expected, the higher the work hours (workload) or the ads-PR-sales work, the lower the journalists’ job autonomy. Also, journalistic role perception increased autonomy, but ideological differences were not related to autonomy. Regarding burnout, as reliability and factor analyses indicated, the three components (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficacy) of burnout were separately analyzed. Work hours significantly increased emotional exhaustion and cynicism, as expected, while interestingly, those who worked more time tended to report higher efficacy in their work. Ads-PR-sales work consistently increased the three factors of burnout. Ideological differences were positively related to emotional exhaustion but neither to cynicism or reduced efficacy. The perception of organization’s journalistic roles was negatively related to cynicism and reduced efficacy but not related to emotional exhaustion. Journalists’ job autonomy was negatively related to the three symptoms of burnout, taking the four organizational features into account. Also, autonomy moderated the relationships between ideological differences and cynicism and between journalistic role perception and reduced efficacy. Finally, those journalists who admitted that they had made incorrect reports within the year tended to work more, including ads-PR-sales work, perceive journalistic roles poorly, and suffer from the reduction of efficacy. With these factors considered, autonomy increased the odds ratio of having incorrect reports. This study showed the consistent negative impact of ads-PR-sales work, while the possibility of pride in organization as valuable workplace resource for journalists. These results generally support the job demands-resources model and the conservation of resources theory and provide implications for journalism studies and practice.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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