According to the dictionary definition, the tradition is a mode of thought, custom, behavior and so on, or the mental value system which is an essence of them. They have been transmitted from the previous periods, after they were already completed in...
According to the dictionary definition, the tradition is a mode of thought, custom, behavior and so on, or the mental value system which is an essence of them. They have been transmitted from the previous periods, after they were already completed in one group. E. Shils(1992) not only regarded it as a past heritage but also believed that it would currently function to maintain our society. Hence, the tradition is not a simple past product limited by time, but has permanence through a catalyst, the time.
At present, traditional colors are examined in many directions and modernized by creating database of them. However, it is true that studies of them are still biased toward a certain area. While they are actively investigated in architecture and cloths, paintings are not studied appropriately.
Without specific establishment of a traditional painting, all pictures painted are currently called 'folk paining', and most of studied are limited to understanding only properties of surfaces. For the true succession of the tradition, fundamental understandings of subjects are necessary. This study aims to examine traditional colors based on some understandings of the periods when the scholars' accoutrement was drawn, which was a primary material of the traditional painting.
The scholars' accoutrement, a kind of traditional painting originated from the palace, which has been long succeeded without losing its iconography. It was extended into folk houses via men of noble family, new wealthy class and middle class. Through this process, compositions, forms, viewpoints and colors were changes. Not only formative changes but also modifications in appearance frequency of objects and their meanings were shown. On the basis of these changes, representative color and color combination palettes of the objects are attempted to be established according to each class.
The process and findings of this study are as follows.
First, a research of theory examines some formative features varying according to a wide spread of the scholars' accoutrement.
Second, after the digital imaging process for 50 pieces of the scholars' accoutrement, CIE a*b* and L*C* tone graph are used to analyze entire color distribution of the scholars' accoutrement and color information of the primary 24 shapes of objects.
Third, the color palettes for 24 shapes of objects are divided into three kinds of scholars' accoutrement: palace, middle class and folk house. And each representative color and color combination palettes are suggested through color categorization. The palettes are suggested with specific color values by using NCS color wheel and triangle, and the color properties are analyses by considering social·cultural aspects.
The findings show that scholars' accoutrements in the palace were mainly composed of bookshelf type, and then for men of noble family, decentralization type excluding bookshelf appeared. As it is extended into middle classes and folk houses, its composition was changed into that of integrated scholars' accoutrement in which shapes of objects are accumulated. While the bookshelf type to which the line perspective is applied showed realistic depth perception, the integrated type exhibits multi-perspective, and therefore, the viewpoints are varied depending on a composition.
The early scholars' accoutrement composed a scene with only books, whereas, the objects were gradually changed into precious fruits and luxury pottery. As it is spread, the shapes of objects shifted from those enjoyed by high class to those easily seen, and especially they were replaced with vegetables and fruits having the meaning of fecundity and great happiness. In addition, even the same shapes of objects were differed in their forms and meanings. The meanings of scholars' accoutrements seemed to be extended into appreciation and invoking a Gibok (invoking a blessing) beyond its original purpose, enhancement of scholarship, via changes of classes and ages.
The distribution of color features of the scholars' accoutrement is entirely centered on Dark grayish·Soft tone, a color of Y·YR series, sub-features by class are varied according to its classification. Different from the scholars' accoutrements in the palace, which were mainly composed of middle brightness and chroma providing calm and gentle images, for those in middle class or folk houses, some colors with low brightness and chroma of Neutral appeared in many objects, and combinations of colors with large differences in color, brightness and chroma were exhibited. While the objects appearing in the scholars' accoutrements in the palace were realistically expressed, forma and colors of those in the scholars' accoutrements in middle classes and folk houses were modified through repeated copying of paintings, which were not directed drawn while seeing them.
This means that the dye used and color expressions were varied according to class or creators of the scholars' accoutrements, and furthermore, these differences may be originated from opportunity differences among the classes. It can be found that compositions, forms and colors in the scholars' accoutrements were changed in many directions and spread, depending on opportunity to contact with shapes of objects and capabilities of classes and artists.
This means that the dye used and color expressions were varied according to class or creators of the scholars' accoutrements, and furthermore, these differences may be originated from opportunity differences among the classes. It can be found that compositions, forms and colors in the scholars' accoutrements were changed in many directions and spread, depending on opportunity to contact with shapes of objects and capabilities of classes and artists.