정향 정유(Syzygium aromaticum Merrill et Perry)의 Streptococcus mutans와 Porphyromonas gingivalis에 대한 항균 활성과 바이오필름 형성 억제 효과 = Antimicrobial Activity Against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis of Clove Bud Essential oil and Inhibitory Effect on Biofilm Formation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: This study aims to test the efficacy of clove bud essential oil (CBEO) as a composition for preventing and treating oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontal inflammation by verifying its antibacterial effect, growth inhibition effect, and biofilm formation inhibitory effect against both Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Method: Clove bud essential oil (CBEO) was diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the final concentrations were 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 30 %. The antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and P. gingivalis for each concentration was verified by the disk diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was measured at the concentrations of 0 %, 0.3 %, 0.7 %, 1.5 %, 3 %, 6.25 %, and 12.5 %. The growth inhibitory effect was estimated at the absorbance of 600 nm every 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. After 48 hours of treatment, biofilm formation was analyzed followed by each concentration.
Results: CBEO exhibited a strong antimicrobial effect on S. mutans and P. gingivalis, especially it showed potent antimicrobial efficacy from the lowest concentration of 10% against S. mutans. The growth inhibition was also occurred by 10 % CBEO treatment against both strains, but there was no significant dose-dependency. In addition, the biofilm formation against S. mutans and P. gingivalis was inhibited by more than 40-50 % at 10 % CBEO treatment, without any significant concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusion: This study showed that CBEO had more potent antimicrobial activities, such as clear zone formation, growth inhibition effect, and biofilm formation inhibitory effect against S.mutans than those of P. gingivalis. These results indicate that CBEO could be used as a compositionin of toothpaste and gargle for children who are exposed at high risk of dental caries.