정부의 보육정책이 주택가격에 미치는 영향 : 보육시설의 접근성과 질적 수준을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

"Happiness of the people" has become a national topic. Strategy of the city in order to achieve the abstract policy goals rather happiness of the people, is the provision of public services to uplift the quality of life of urban residents and the sophistication of the close living infrastructure and life of city residents. In relation to this, is the core of the government of our recent, by far policy influential is a "child care". Since 2004, child care budget of the government is a tendency to be continuously expanded, in 2013 the front free child care has been implemented? 200 in the circle? Year ratio? I jumped doubled. Of the budget of the whole country, which? % And a size to occupy. Nursery facilities in response to it? At the location? I have made a quantitative growth considerable.

It is believed that as a function for the accumulation of human capital and future increase in potential demand for child care services due to changes in family structure, and needs ought expansion of child care policy is sufficient. However, in our society of the current, and the effectiveness of child care policy heard that despite the spending of huge government budget, and economic participation rate of female fertility and a pure function of the child care policy is a foot it is a situation that controversy is not extinct.

In terms of providing opportunities for child care and universal education for human capital accumulation in the future, child care is a sector that is able to confirm the policy effect by passage 2 to 30 years at least policy effect. Since birth rate to take advantage as the performance indicators child care policy from society all circles of the current, and economic participation rate of women is the target relatively long, it is possible to evaluate the effect of child care policy using these indicators at the moment there is a fast little cans.

Research in the field of urban economics and urban planning is a shallow situation in conjunction with the effect of child care policy. "Nursery facilities" is a city infrastructure, is "the provision of child care services of the highest quality", in the current situation are being treated important as one of the growth strategy of the city, of the child care services of government it is somewhat surprising that the results of the evaluation of urban planning for the supply is absent. Child care is probably because has been discussed in a limited way in the area of ​​welfare until now.

In this study, there is a purpose to evaluate as house prices, the effects of child care policy of the government, to derive policy implications. Attempt to determine in house prices the support of the city people to distinguish elements the difference in the quality of child care services in the context of the current pressure on the improvement requirements of the quality of child care services is growing specifically, very timely research has been.

In this study, it is composed of 6 chapters. In Chapter 1, in order to present the background and purpose of the research that you want to emphasize the significance and necessity of this study, shows the logical structure of the present study, we propose a structure and contents of the study. In Chapter 2, we look at the contents of the child care policy of our government, can be interpreted as economic framework this, you are trying to approach the theoretical effect and expected purpose of the policy. In addition, we organize another issue important points of the child care policy debate has been in our society, to derive a research agenda based on this. This is because personality empirical nature of this study is to verify the effects of child care policy of the government. In Chapter 3, While you consider pertinent prior research with the concept of "vote with feet" of the tea part, and to strengthen the theoretical basis of this study, it is possible to point out the limit point that can not be explained by existing research, the present I have emphasized the differentiating factor research. In addition, to set the research hypothesis starting from limitations of the prior research and research issues that have been derived in Chapter 2. In Chapter 4, we propose a demonstration model with variable settings to introduce the research materials for the empirical analysis. In Chapter 5, we present the results of the analysis, in Chapter 6, while summarizes the results of the research, and presents the policy implications, we describe the limitations of the present study.

They are as follows: To summarize the policy implications and the main findings of the present study.

First, as the availability and diversity of choices and the closeness of the distance between the child care facility, the density of nursery facilities was derived different results each as accessibility of child care services is the core policy issue of child care policy. For payment of the closeness of the distance between the child care facilities whereas the establishment, the density of the child care facility, was not statistically significant. Consistent with the results of the questionnaire survey of existing distance from the house is the most important in the selection of nursery facilities, that the improvement of quality is made in the competition of nursery facilities between higher density of nursery facilities is high, this is, of government judgment suggests differ from actual fact.

Second, consumer preferences and public kindergarten commonly known has been found to not run by the type of national or public daycare facilities, and due to the qualitative attributes of the kindergarten and public. While the payment of the quality of programs and the quality of child care teachers have been established, the area of ​​the child care facility as an environment of child care facilities, was not statistically significant. For the importance of education programs and competence of the teacher, such a result was consistent with the research results of the past, the area of ​​child care facilities as the physical environment in the results that are placed with previous studies not significant there. It is not a physical environment, it is preferable for the environment non-physical teachers, and child care programs, which suggests that it is more prevalent.

Third, restriction standard is to manage the quality of service of the child care government, was found to further deepen the request for the qualitative improvement of the consumer. As a means for when it is controlled restriction standard in each building for each payment of the elements of the quality of childcare services is low, to improve the quality of child care services, certain limitations have not achieved the desired object I suggest.

The ultimate goal of the policy is intended to increase the social utility. And to evaluate the social utility as a policy effect, is common to adopt when such environment, its value is not determined by the market price, house prices, is a useful method. After presenting the Hedonic Price Model that Rosen 1974 years have built on general equilibrium model, the study of 7,453 pieces cited the research of Rosen. Housing prices, is defined by the sum of the utility of individual intellectual environmental aspects of the mouth of the structural housing in the field of urban economics and urban planning in particular. In other words, I mean that it is expressive house prices households pay because payment of furniture of various services to provide housing.

These approaches of house prices, the theoretical hypothesis of the womb T section. Thought of the tea section known as "voting to foot" was developed into a study of the phenomenon in which the provision of public goods by local governments has been capitalized as a regional asset and population movements.

Theoretical basis of this study, is intended to inherit the study of the capitalization of public goods that is based on the hypothesis of the tea section, it is in the nature of the policy effect analysis to examine empirically the effect of child care policy of government. Although I expanded in terms of urban planning discussion of child care policy that had been limited to the field of welfare and early childhood education of existing, there is academic significance. At the time of discussion and request for the qualitative improvement of child care services are being carried out in particular, though was to clarify the discussion of social issues Te objective as house prices and consumer preferences in terms of the quality of child care services it is meaningful.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구의 목적은 정부의 보육정책의 효과를 지역의 자산가치로서 주택가격에 반영되는 자본화(capitalization) 영향을 실증적으로 검토하여 정책적 시사점을 도출하는데 있다.

이를 위해 보육정책의 효과를 보육서비스 확대에 따른 접근성 개선과 보육서비스의 질적 향상으로 나누어 정부의 정책방향 및 수단에 따른 효과를 지불용의로서 주택가격으로 설명한다. 전술한 바와 같은 연구의 배경 하에 구체적인 연구문제를 도출하면 아래와 같다.

첫째. 정부의 보육정책에 따른 보육시설의 접근성 개선에 대한 지불용의가 주택의 가격으로 반영되는가? 즉, 보육시설은 주택가격에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 시설인가? 보육시설이 주택가격에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 시설이라면 보육시설과의 거리가 가까울수록 지불용의가 확대되는가?

둘째, 정부의 보육정책에 따른 보육서비스의 질적 향상에 대한 지불용의가 주택의 가격으로 반영되는가? 즉, 보육서비스의 질적 지표 중 질적 차이를 유발하는 변수(보육교사의 질, 보육시설의 환경, 등)가 주택가격 정(+)의 영향을 미치는가? 이들 질적 지표들 간 한계대체효과가 존재하는가?

셋째, 정부의 보육정책에 따른 보육시설의 접근성개선과 보육서비스의 질적 향상에 대한 지불용의가 지역적 특성에 따라 달라지는가? 즉, 지불용의로서 주택가격으로 표출되는 요인과 영향의 크기에 지역별 차이가 존재하는가?

제시한 연구문제에 대한 답을 통해 학술적 측면에서는 보육서비스공급에 대한 도시계획적 시각을 도입하여 보육정책에 대한 기본적 이해를 제공하고 최종적으로는 보육정책에 따른 보육서비스의 공급의 지역자본화 가능성에 대한 함의를 도출한다. 또한 정책적 측면에서는 보육정책에 따른 기대효과가 기존 연구들에서 제시하는 측면에 국한되는 것이 아니라는 점을 객관적 증거로서 제시함으로 보육정책의 효과에 대한 올바른 시각을 정립하여 최종적으로 보육정책의 방향 및 수단 결정에 사회적 효용 개선의 고려가 포함된 정책의 필요성을 주장하고자 한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 1.1.1. 연구배경 1
• 1.1.2. 연구의 목적 4
• 1.2. 연구의 내용 및 방법 7
• 1.2.1. 연구내용 및 구성 7
• 1.2.2. 연구대상 및 범위 10
• Ⅱ. 정부의 보육정책과 이론적 논의 14
• 2.1. 보육정책의 내용과 성과 14
• 2.1.1. 우리나라 보육정책의 변화 특성 14
• 2.1.2. 보육정책의 시기별 목표와 내용 18
• 2.2. 보육정책의 경제학적 접근 34
• 2.2.1. 보육서비스의 공공재적 성격 34
• 2.2.2. 보육서비스공급과 자녀 수, 시간배분 결정 38
• 2.2.3. 보육정책수단과 기대효과 42
• 2.3. 보육정책과 사회적 쟁점 44
• Ⅲ. 이론적배경과 연구가설설정 60
• 3.1. 공공재 선호와 주거선택 60
• 3.2. 공공재에 대한 개인의 효용과 지불용의 64
• 3.3. 선행연구검토 68
• 3.2.1. 선행연구 68
• 3.2.2. 선행연구의 한계 74
• 3.4. 연구가설설정 76
• Ⅳ. 연구자료와 분석방법 83
• 4.1. 분석자료구득 83
• 4.2. 분석모형구축 85
• 4.3. 변수의 선정과 기초통계량 86
• 4.3.1. 변수선정 86
• 4.3.2. 변수의 통계량 91
• Ⅴ. 보육정책이 주택가격에 미치는 영향 93
• 5.1. 보육서비스의 접근성은 주택가격에 영향을 미치는가? 93
• 5.2. 보육서비스의 질적 차이가 주택가격에 영향을 미치는가? 94
• Ⅵ. 결론 96