ICJ의 영토분쟁 사건에서의 입증책임과 입증의 정도

국문 초록 (Abstract)

ICJ에 회부된 영토분쟁 사건에서 입증책임과 입증의 정도에 관한 증거법 원칙 및 규칙은 분쟁당사국들 간에 중요한 다툼의 대상이 되어 왔다. 영토분쟁 사건에서는 장기간의 복잡한 역사적 사실관계가 다투어지고 자국의 영유권 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 막대한 분량의 증거가 제출되는 경향이 있다. 분쟁당사국들은 다툼이 있는 중요한 사실관계에 관하여 대부분 상대방에게 입증책임의 분배에 관한 원칙의 설정과 적용은 ICJ의 중요한 과제고 대두되어 왔다. 또한 영토분쟁에서 당사국들은 미세한 관련성만 있어도 영유권 주장의 증거로 제출함으로써 막대한 분량의 증거를 제출하고 있는데 과연 어느 정도로 주장사실을 입증해야 영토권원이 입증된 것으로 인정 할 수 있을 것이지도 중요한 다툼의 대상이 되어 왔다.
이 논문에서는 ICJ의 영토분쟁 사건에서 적용되는 입증책임과 입증의 정도에 관한 증거법 규칙과 사법관행을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 우선 국내의 증거법 체계에서 규율되고 있는 입증책임과 입증의 정도의 개념을 살펴보고, ICJ의 소송절차에서 일반적으로 적용되고 있는 입증책임과 입증의 정도에 관한 규칙과 사법관행을 검토하였다. 영토분쟁 사건에서 ICJ는 ″주장자 입증책임 원칙″에 따라 소송절차에서 각 쟁점마다 실질적인 주장자가 어느 국가인지를 판별하여 입증책임을 분배하고 있다. 또한 ICJ는 입증기준과 관련하여 영미법계 국가에서 발전된 계량화된 입증기준을 적용하지 않고 세계의 주요 문명형태 및 법체계를 대표하는 ICJ 재판부의 내적 확신에 따른 주관적 판단의 무제로 보고 있다. 입증책임과 입증의 정도에 관하여 ICJ가 설정한 유연하고 개방적인 증거법 규칙은 주권 국가를 소송당사자로 하고 강제적인 증거조사 권한이 없는 국제재판의 한계와 특성을 반영하고 있는 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been seriously disputed among contending parties in the territorial disputes before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) what the law of evidence relating to the burden of proof and standard of proof should be applied. In most of the territorial disputes before the ICJ, the contending parties have a tendency not only to dispute as to the complex historical facts with regard to the territory, but also to present as much materials and evidence as they can. One of the main tasks of the ICJ in the territorial disputes is to establish the principle and rule of distributing the burden of proof and to apply the rule in the specific items of territorial claims, because the contending parties are arguing that the other parties should bear the burden as to main relevant facts in the dispute. Moreover, considering the enormous evidence presented by the contending parties to support their territorial claim, the parties have also keen interests in how they can meet the standard of proof by the ICJ in the territorial disputes.
This article examines the rule and principle of the law of evidence with special reference to the burden of proof and standard of proof in the territorial disputes having been established and applied by the ICJ. The article contends that the ICJ has devised and applied a set of evidentiary rules which are applicable to the territorial disputes among the sovereign states. With regard to the burden of proof, the ICJ has been consistently applied the principle of actori incumbit onus probandi to identify the real claimant on the specific claims relating to the disputed territory. Moreover, the ICJ neither adopted a specific standard of proof nor the notion of a hierarchy in determining the standard of proof such as so-called ″Bayesian Theory″ in the United States of America. This article argues that the ICJ has developed the law of evidence in territorial disputes in a more flexible way to reconcile the needs for sound administration of international justice and legal certainty for the contending parties.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. ICJ의 영토분쟁 사건에서의 입증책임
• Ⅲ. ICJ의 영토분쟁 사건에서의 입증의 정도
• Ⅳ. 결론
• 국문초록
• ABSTRACT

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