탈(脫)현실사회주의 이후 중부유럽 자유주의: 평가와 전망 = Central European Liberalism since the Post-Realsocialism: Views and Prospects

국문 초록 (Abstract)

중부유럽 자유주의는 현실사회주의체제의 변혁을 전후로 기존 체제에 대한 대안으로 배태되기 시작했다. 중부유럽 자유주의가 고전적 또는 전통적 자유주의 개념 및 내용들과 어느 정도 합치될 수 있는가의 문제는 매우 중요하다. 중부유럽은 역사적으로 경제적 후진성 때문에 기존 자유주의 개념과 내용들에 해당되기 어렵다. 중부유럽 자유주의는 개인주의, 시장경제, 자유민주주의, 법치주의를 중시하면서 자유주의의 본질을 구현 하기 위하여 생성된 것이 아니다. 즉 자유주의 자체를 중부유럽에 구현하기보다 ``자유화``를 위한 전략적 도구로 채택되었다. 초기 자유주의를 표방하는 정당들이 대중들의 지지를 받았다. 그러나 전환과정에서 구 체제로부터 계속되는 강력한 요소들(강력한 국가, 구 시대 엘리트의 잔존, 부패 등)로 인하여 중부유럽 자유주의는 혼란을 겪고 있다. 그럼에도 자유주의에 대한 또 다른 대안은 찾기 어렵고, 점진적이고 완만한 체제전환을 통하여 장기적으로 안정적 자유주의가 구현될 것으로 전망된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Central European Liberalism had been adopted as an alternative of the former realsocialist system before and after its collapse. A matter of coincidence between Central European Liberalism and concepts and contents of classical and/or traditional liberalism is very important. Historically, Central Europe cannot apply the classical and/or traditional concept of liberalism because of its economic backwardness. Central European Liberalism had not been generated to realize the nature of liberalism focusing on individualism, market economy, liberal democracy, and constitutionalism. It means that liberalism had been selected as a strategic tool for the liberalization rather than realizing the liberalism itself. In the early days, political parties that advocated liberalism were supported by the public. However, in the process of system transition, Central European liberalism is plunged in confusion due to the still remaining powerful factors (e.g. strong state, remaining elites from the old system, corruption etc.) from the former realsocialist system. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties of finding an alternative of the liberalism, a stable liberalism will be materialized through the gradual and progressive system transition in the long run.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이규영, "탈사회주의와 ‘중부유럽’의 재발견" 40 (40): 2000

2 이규영, "자유주의의 세계화와 사회주의체제의 변화: 러시아, 동유럽, 중국, 북한"

3 이규영, "국가와 시민사회의 상관성" 28 (28): 1994

4 민경국, "경제적 자유주의의 옹호론－신자유주의는 실패한 이념인가?" (80) : 2009

5 Stiglitz, Joseph E., "Whither Reform: Ten Years of Transition" 1999

6 Krastev, Ivan, "Two cheers for populism" Prospect 2008

7 Tupy, Marian L, "The Rise of Populist Parties in Central Europe" The CATO Institute, Center for Global Liberty & Prosperity (8) : 2006

8 Hayek, F. A, "The Principles of a Liberal Social Order, In Ideologies of Politics" Oxford UP 1975

9 Chirot, Daniel, "The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe: Economics and Politics from the Middle Ages Until the Early Twentieth Century" Uni. of California Press 1989

10 Fukuyama, F., "The End of History?" 16 : 1989

11 Klaus, Vaclav, "The Economic Transformation of the Czech Republic: Challenges Faced and Lessons Learned" Cato Institute (6) : 2005

12 Gligorov, Vladimir, "The Discovery of Liberalism in Yugoslavia" 5 (5): 1991

13 Vásques, Ian, "The Central Role of Economic Freedom in Democracy, In Issues of Democracy"

14 "Romanticism, Economic Liberalism and Political Liberalism"

15 Ades, Alberto, "Rents, Competition and Corruption" 89 (89): 1999

16 Poznański, Kazimierz Z, "Property Rights Perspective on Evolution of Communist Type Economies, In Constructing Capitalism: The Reemergence of Civil Society and Liberal Economy in the Post-Communist World" Westview Press 1992

17 Tusk, Donald, "Prawo do polityki" (12) : 1989

18 Mesežnikov, Grigorijj, "Populist Politics and Liberal Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe" Institute for Public Affairs 2008

19 Offe, Claus, "Political Liberalism, Group Rights, and the Politics of Fear and Trust" 53 : 2001

20 Nicholson, Tom, "Penta Group’s Hascak: Slovakia’s Corporate Raider Takes No Prisoner" The Slovak Spectator

21 Mill, John Stuart, "On Liberty" Library of Liberal Arts 1859

22 Nicholson, Tom, "Ministers with Strings Attached"

23 Gábor, Éva, "Michael Polanyi And The Liberal Philosophical Tradition In Hungary"

24 Jackson, Ben, "Liberalism as Ideology" Oxford UP 2012

25 Szacki, Jerzy, "Liberalism after Communism" Central European UP 1994

26 "Liberalism"

27 Tupy, M, "Is Liberalism Dead in Central Europe?" 38 (38): 2007

28 Eurobarometer, "Identities and Values in the Acceding and Candidate Countries: Full Report" European Commission 2005

29 Lang, Kai-Olaf, "Falling Down: The steady decline of Central European liberalism"

30 Žižek, S, "Eastern Europe’s Republics of Gilead" 183 : 1990

31 "Corruption Perceptions Index 2005" Transparency International

32 Henderson, Karen, "Back to Europe: Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union" UCL Press 1999

33 Szacki, J, "A Revival of Liberalism in Poland?" 57 (57): 1990

34 Donskis, Leonidas, "A Crisis of Liberalism?"