On September 2nd, 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s provisional government was officially declared. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was gone through total 4 transformation processes for the short period of 15 months by being transformed ...
On September 2nd, 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s provisional government was officially declared. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was gone through total 4 transformation processes for the short period of 15 months by being transformed from the provisional revolutionary government into the provisional united government to the fighting united government and then its last format of public united government on November 3rd, 1946. The transformation process of Democratic Republic of Vietnam was not only the preparation process for Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh to prepare for the protracted war against France but also the process solidifying their power and securing governing control. Though the 4-times transformation processes of provisional government were not intended by Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh, they were compelled to dismantle and transform their provisional government for the short period of 1 year and 3 months by reflecting domestic and international situations to in order to achieve their ultimate goal, Independence of Vietnam.
Although the birth of Democratic Republic of Vietnam was the historical root and mother of current Sociality Republic of Vietnam, there is lacked the research dealing this theme in Korea. Hence it needs for researchers to be interested in the provisional government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s transformation processes and to investigate how the foundation of current Sociality Republic of Vietnam was formed.
This study aimed to verify the transformation process of provisional government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam was the process for Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh to secure the legitimacy and the governing control of Communist Party having been established by them. For this purpose, this study limited the period for its research from September 2nd, 1945, the provisional government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s official establishment date to December 20th, 1946 when the Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s public united government was established and buckled down the Vietnam Independence War against the France, and investigated the parties and party ratios of officials in each provisional government cabinet who were selected by Ho Chi Min.
In the main body of this study, first, the causes for transforming each provisional government were suggested based on the domestic and international backgrounds around Vietnam. The transformations of provisional government were influenced by the both factors inside and outside. External causes were the Chinese National Party (Kuomintang of China) trying to emasculate Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh‘s force and to establish its puppet government and the France to regain its colony governing control in Vietnam. Internal cause was the anti-government activities led by Viet Quoc and Viet Cach, the nationalists who came back Vietnam with Chinese National Party together, so Ho Chi Minh was forced to transform the provisional government to stabilize the Vietnam and to combat against the France.
Second, this study reviewed Ho Chi Min’s personnel assignment policy by investigating each government’s cabinet members and the ratio of their parties. Ho Chi Minh adopted the combinational personnel assignment policy selecting the members from various political parties in his cabinets, and through that, this study could grasp Ho Chi Minh’s intention to achieve the Vietnamese independence and unification by pursuing the unity and cooperation of political parties. Besides, his selection of personnel based on their abilities and performances regardless of the Communist party shows the characteristics of Ho Chi Minh’s personnel selection standards.
Third, this study investigated the process to secure the legitimacy and the governing control of Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh. Through the general election in January, 1946, Ho Chi Mihn established the legitimacy of Democratic Republic of Vietnam. While he secured the governing control through the policy assigning various personnel, but took strong measures against any anti-government force, leading to solidify the strong power and governing control. Besides, his strong measures against anti-government forces gained the effect punishing and getting rid of anti-national actors.
Fourth, Ho Chi Min secured Vietnamese people’s full support and the sovereignty through his activities at home and abroad. Ho Chi Minh and each provisional government executed various policies to solve urgent matters in Vietnam and eliminated the famine and the illiteracy, so could secure the people’s support. And, it could know that Ho Chi Minh and his cabinet officials in each provisional government participated in numerous negotiations and meetings and concluded agreements and contracts with insisting the independence of Vietnam, and defended their national sovereignty during the process preparing for the Independence War.
This study is meaningful in that it suggested the data of persons selected in each government’s cabinet and their political parties and researched Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh’s power-securing process, so contemplated the transformation processes of Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s provisional government as the base of Sociality Republic of Vietnam today.