ㄱㆍㅁㆍㄹ', 'ㄱㆍㅁㆍㄹ-' 및 'ㄱㆍㅁㆍㅅ', 'ㄱㆍ믓-'의 어원에 대하여 = A study of the etymologies of kΛmΛl, kΛmΛl- and kΛmΛs, kΛmi￣s-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this paper is to clarify the etymologies of the Middle Korean words k??m??l 'drought', k??m??l- 'to be dry, arid, rainless', k??m??s 'mark; mold, cast; last', and the New Korean word k??mi's- 'to sprain, wrench, twist' and their derivation. It is certain that these words should go back to the etymon k??m-*'"to strike (from outside)', and the verbs k??m??l-, k??mi's- and the nouns k??m??l, k??m??s are derived from this etymon with the homonymous derivative suffixes -Vl, -Vs, respectively. It seems to me that while the verb k??m- had lost its original meaning and is used only in its secondary meaning and, as a consequence, became
isolated on the one hand, its derivatives k??m??l, k??m??l- and k??m??s, k??mi's-, on the other hand, might have preserved the original meaning better than their common etymon knm-.
The deverbal verbal suffix -Vl has a passive or reflexive function, while the deverbal verbal suffix -Vs has a reciprocal function. The Old Turkic homonymous derivative suffixes -˚l, -˚S˘ are similar to their Korean counterpart -Vl, -Vs from the viewpoint of form and function. I believe that the existence of these common derivative suffixes greatly contributes to the future historical studies of Korean language.
From the viewpoint of sound-correspondence and semantic congruence I think that the possible cognate of Middle Korean verb k??m- is to be found in the Turkic languages. The cognates of k??m- are probably OT. qam- 'to strike down'; 'to lower' and its various Middle Turkic forms. We can find the semantic differentiation of OT. qarn- and its derivatives in the derivatives of MK. k??m-. We can also confirm the semantic component [+ to lower] in the meaning 'to shut, close (one's eyes)' of MK. verb
k??m- and in its other meaning 'to wash (one's hair), bathe'. And the meaning 'to lower' is also more vaguely recognized in the possible Old Turkic cognates.