Structural Characterization of Non-reducing Oligosaccharide Produced by Arthrobacter crystallopoietes N-08

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A bacterial strain (Strain N-08) capable of extracellularly producing high level of non-reducing oligosaccharide (NR-OS) isolated from soil. The strain was identified phylogenetically by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and found to be very close to Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. The high production of NR-OS was observed in the basal culture medium containing maltose as a sole carbon source. The NR-OS in culture supernatant was purified by glucoamylase treatment and Dowex-1 (OH?) ion exchange chromatography and its structure was characterized. This oligosaccharide consisted of only glucose. Methylation analysis indicated that this fraction was composed mainly of non-reducing terminal glucopyranoside. Matrixassisted laser-induced/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS analyses suggested that this oligosaccharide comprised non-reducing disaccharide unit with 1,1-glucosidic linkage. When this disaccharide was analyzed by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR, it gave the same signals with α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,1)-α-Dglucopyranoside. These results indicated that the NR-OS produced by A. crystallopoietes N-08 was α1,α1-trehalose. This is the first report of the trehalose which can be produced directly from maltose by A. crystallopoietes N-08.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Acknowledgments
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kaushik JK, "Why is trehalose an exceptional protein stabilizer? An analysis of the thermal stability of proteins in the presence of the compatible osmolyte trehalose" 278 : 26458-26465, 2003

2 Kim BY, "Ureibacillus suwonensis sp. nov., isolated from cotton waste composts" 56 : 663-666, 2006

3 Richards AB, "Trehalose: A review of properties, history of use and human tolerance, and results of multiple safety studies" 40 : 871-898, 2002

4 Roser B, "Trehalose, a new approach to premium dried foods" 7 : 166-169, 1991

5 Kandror O, "Trehalose synthesis is induced upon exposure of Escherichia coli to cold and is essential for viability at low temperatures" 99 : 9727-9732, 2002

6 Kizawa H, "Trehalose production by a strain of Micrococcus varians" 59 : 1522-1527, 1995

7 Guo N, "Trehalose expression confers desiccation tolerance on human cells" 18 : 168-171, 2000

8 Saitou N, "The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees" 4 : 406-425, 1987

9 Wingler A, "The function of trehalose biosynthesis in plants" 60 : 437-440, 2002

10 French D, "The Schardinger dextrins" 12 : 189-260, 1957

11 Styrvold OB, "Synthesis, accumulation, and excretion of trehalose in osmotically stressed Escherichia coli K-12 strains: Influence of amber suppressors and function of the periplasmic trehalase" 173 : 1187-1192, 1991

12 Lama L, "Starch conversion with immobilized thermophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus" 12 : 431­-432, 1990

13 Lillie SH, "Reserve carbohydrate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Responses to nutrient limitation" 143 : 1384-1394, 1980

14 Thevelein JM, "Regulation of trehalose mobilization in fungi" 48 : 42-59, 1984

15 Sweet DP, "Quantitative analysis by various G.L.C. response-factor theories for partially methylated and partially ethylated alditol acetates" 40 : 217-225, 1975

16 Ohguchi M, "Purification and properties of trehalose-synthesizing enzyme from Pseudomonas sp" 84 : 358-360, 1997

17 Nishimoto T, "Purification and properties of novel enzyme, trehalose synthase, from Pimelobacter sp. R48" 60 : 640-644, 1996

18 Nakada T, "Purification and properties of a novel enzyme, maltooligosyl trehalose synthase, from Arthrobacter sp. Q36" 59 : 2210-2214, 1995

19 Kato M, "Purification and characterization of new trehaloseproducing enzymes isolated from the hyperthermophilic archae, Sulfolobus solfataricus KM1" 60 : 546-550, 1996

20 Nishimoto T, "Purification and characterization of a thermostable trehalose synthase from Thermus aquatics" 60 : 835-839, 1996

21 Nakada T, "Purification and characterization of a novel enzyme, maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase, from Arthrobacter sp. Q36" 59 : 2215-2218, 1995

22 Loftsson T, "Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization" 85 : 1017-1025, 1996

23 Silva Z, "Osmotic adaptation of Thermus thermophilus RQ-1: Lesson from a mutant deficient in synthesis of trehalose" 185 : 5943-5952, 2003

24 Higashiyama T, "Novel functions and applications of trehalose" 74 : 1263-1269, 2002

25 Somogyi M, "Notes on sugar determination" 195 : 19­-23, 1952

26 Elbein AD, "New insights on trehalose: A multifunctional molecule" 13 : 17-27, 2003

27 Heedon Choi, "Molecular Structure of β-Glucans Isolated from Non-waxyand Waxy Barley" 한국식품과학회 13 (13): 744-748, 2004

28 Marechal LR, "Metabolism of trehalose in Euglena gracilis. I. Partial purification and some properties of trehalose phosphorylase" 247 : 3223-3228, 1972

29 Chen YS, "Gene cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a recombinant trehalose synthase from Picrophilus torridus in Escherichia coli" 54 : 7098-7104, 2006

30 Maruta K, "Formation of trehalose from maltooligosaccharides by a novel enzymatic system" 59 : 1829-1834, 1995

31 Nishimoto T, "Existence of a novel enzyme converting maltose into trehalose" 59 : 2189-2190, 1995

32 Kimura M, "Estimation of evolutionary distances between homologous nucleotide sequences" 78 : 454-458, 1981

33 Pauly M, "Effects of the mur1 mutation on xyloglucans produced by suspension cultured Arabidopsis thaliana cells" 214 : 67-74, 2001

34 Tran CD, "Determination of binding constants of cyclodextrins in room-temperature ionic liquids by near-infrared spectrometry" 74 : 5337-5341, 2002

35 Waeghe TJ, "Determination by methylation analysis of the glycosyl linkage compositions of microgram quantities of complex carbohydrates" 123 : 281-304, 1983

36 Felsenstein J, "Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap" 39 : 783-791, 1985

37 Goubet I, "Competitive binding of aroma compounds by beta-cyclodextrin" 49 : 5916-5922, 2001

38 Dubois M, "Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances" 28 : 350-356, 1956

39 Chang-Ho Lee, "Chemical Properties and Immunological Activities of Hot-water Extract from Leaves of Saltwort" 한국식품과학회 13 (13): 167-171, 2004

40 Paiva CL, "Biotechnological applications of the disaccharide trehalose" 2 : 293-314, 1996

41 Giaever HM, "Biochemical and genetic characterization of osmoregulatory trehalose synthesis in Escherichia coli" 170 : 2841-2849, 1988

42 Kaasen I, "Analysis of the otsBA operon for osmoregulatory trehalose synthesis in Escherichia coli and homology of the OtsA and OtsB proteins to the yeast trehalose-6­phosphate synthase/phosphatase complex" 145 : 9-15, 1994

43 Hakomori S, "A rapid permethylation of glycolipid, and polysaccharide catalyzed by methylsulfinyl carbanion in dimethyl sulfoxide" 55 : 205-208, 1964

44 Bradford MM, "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding" 72 : 248-254, 1976

45 Nelson N, "A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose" 153 : 375-380, 1944

46 Jones TM, "A gas chromatography method for the determination of aldose and uronic acid constituents of plant cell wall polysaccharide" 49 : 926-936, 1972